Gudeta et al., IJPSR, 2020; Vol. 11(11): 5298-5307. E-ISSN: 0975-8232; P-ISSN: 2320-5148 International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 5298 IJPSR (2020), Volume 11, Issue 11 (Review Article) Received on 13 January 2020; received in revised form, 23 March 2020; accepted, 16 October 2020; published 01 November 2020 MITOGENIC, ANTIOXIDATIVE AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF G-90 AND COELOMIC FLUID FROM EARTHWORM AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENT, A REVIEW Kasahun Gudeta * 1 , Shailja Kumari 2 , Ankeet Bhagat 2 , J. M. Julka 2 and Rohit Goyal 3 Sebeta College of Teachers’ Education 1 , Department of Biological Science, Sebeta, Ethiopia. Shoolini University Biotechnology and Management Sciences 2 , School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Solan -173212, Himachal Pradesh, India. Shoolini University Biotechnology and Management Sciences 3 , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Solan-173212, Himachal Pradesh, India. ABSTRACT: The mitogenic activity in earthworms should be accompanied by antioxidative and antimicrobial activities during the healing or regeneration of their amputated part. These activities are achieved by bioactive macromolecules in their tissue and coelomic fluid. The antioxidative activity applied to prevent the cellular function from oxidative damage and assist cell multiplication. The antimicrobial activity prevents the wounded area from bacterial infection and enhances cell division. This review aims to promote cheap natural products of earthworms to be used widely in human medicine. Thus, we reviewed how to extract coelomic fluid, preparation of tissue homogenate (G-90) and application of mitogenic, antioxidative, antimicrobial activities on experimental animal rats, mice and rabbits. These products were efficient for hasty wound healing, the proliferation of damaged bone, boosting of immune cells and nerve cell regeneration without carcinogenic and mutagenic characteristics. Therefore, the biotechnological application of tissue homogenates and coelomic fluid should get due attention. INTRODUCTION: Earthworms are metameri- cally segmented organisms that belong to class Oligochaeta of phylum Annelida. The coelomic cavity of an earthworm is filled with coelomic fluid that oozes out through dorsal pore as a mechanism of defense in response to the body stress. Coelomic fluid from earthworms has been reported to possess several biological properties, like cytolytic, pro- teolytic, antimicrobial, hemolytic, haemagglutinin, tumorlytic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, bacterio- static, mitogenic and anticancer activities 1, 2 . QUICK RESPONSE CODE DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.11(11).5298-07 This article can be accessed online on www.ijpsr.com DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.11(11).5298-07 It was identified to display biological activities including anticoagulation, fibrinolysis, bacterio- static 3, 4 , antioxidative 5 , anticancer 6 and mitogenic activity 7 . Both coelomic fluid and glycolipoprotein (G‑90) were reported to contain immunoglobulin growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, coelomic mitogenic factor, coelomic cytolytic factor and many other peptides which facilitate basic physiological processes in earth- worm 5-8 . They helped earthworm for mitogenic 7 anti- oxidative and antimicrobial activities 3, 6 for their survival. The mitogenic activity helped in the regeneration of earthworm’s amputated parts, either anteriorly or posteriorly 7 . Antimicrobial activity aided earthworms to prevent microbial infection of wounded body parts during regeneration 3, 7 . The medicinal properties of earth worm’s coelomic Keywords: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Bioactivity, Coelomic fluid, Mitogen Correspondence to Author: Kasahun Gudeta Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan - 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India. E-mail: kggutema@shooliniuniversity.com