862| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Jan - March 2020 | Vol 12 | Issue 1 Research Article In-Vivo Shielding Effects of Semecarpus anacardium Extract in Presenile Dementia. SAXENA GAURAV * 1 , KUMAR NITIN 2 , SINGH HANSRAJ 2 , SELIYA MAMTA 2 , KUMARI NUTAN 3 1 IIMT College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida, UP-201310 2 School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shri Venkateshwara University, Amroha, U.P.244236 3 HIMT College of Pharmacy, Greater Noida UP-201310 Corresponding Author: E-mail id: gauravasaxena@yahoo.com Received: 28.10.19, Revised: 26.11.19, Accepted: 02.01.20 ABSTRACT Background: Dementia is a common symptom of Alzheimer’s Syndrome. Aluminium, a standard neurotoxin, is hypothesised as one of the contributory factors of AD. Ballantaka (Semicarpus anacardium) is traditionally used in Ayurvedic formulary for management of several ailments. The drug is already recognised as counter-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-oxidant therapeutic agent. The investigation aimed analysis of the wholesome influence of extract of S. anacardium nut (SANE) on aluminium-induced cognitive decline of the central nervous system of rodents. Methods: S. anacardium nut extract was standardised using a Butein (3,4,2',4'-tetrahydroxychalone), as the marker compound. The Wistar male albino rats (200 to 250 gm) were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 6). Rodents were initially given S. anacardium nut extract, and AlCl3 was later used to induce dementia. At the end of the study, metabolic and pathological changes were observed. Results: Rodents given with SANE showed a notable decline in the level of cholinesterase and amyloid plaque accumulation in the brain, especially in comparison to the AD group. There has also been a decline in ELT (Escape Latency Time) and an increase in memory of rodents fed Semecarpus anacardium extract (SANE) concerning Alzheimer's disease group. Conclusions: The study revealed that S. anacardium extract ameliorates aluminium triggered deviations in behavioural besides lucidity function, oxidative stress and cephalitis. This plant could thus use this as an adjuvant in anti-AD preparation. Key words: Alzheimer's, ROS, AchE inhibitory activity, Amyloid plaque, Morris watermaze, Semecarpus anacardium INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's is projected to impact more than 460 lakh individuals globally, yet this amount has been supposed to double over the next two decades; 750 lakh individuals will be affected by 2030 and 13.2 crore by 2050. [1] The pathogeny of neurotraumatic ailments comprising degenerative conditions as stroke and Alzheimer's is unambiguously linked to oxidative stress as well as neuroinflammation. Acute neuroinflammation is a shielding mechanism that segregates the dysfunctional brain tissue from healthy areas, destroys damaged tissue, and restores the extracellular matrix. Otherwise, the consequences of trauma and illness, like those of pathogenic, virus, and prion descent, would swiftly ruin the brain tissue. [1,2] Aluminium is a pervasive hazardous metal that primarily attacks the brain, spleen, liver and bones. Transferrin (T) protein, is a high-affinity ligand- receptor pathway that is observed primarily for iron (Fe 3+ ) transport in mammals. T protein is determined to be the key Al 3+ binding component of plasma. Aluminium enters the central nervous system via the delivery to neurons and glial cells. Al deposition ensues characteristically in the hippocampus. (Roskams and Connor, 1990) [3] . Moreover, the long half-life of aluminium (approximately one hundred and fifty days in rats) fosters the likelihood of build-up and systematically causes neurotoxicity. [4] Research indicates that prolonged contact with Al can precipitate memory impairment and locomotive derangement. [5] Thus, chronic uptake of Al in rodents is a prominent in-vivo anti-Alzheimer drug screening model. Semecarpus anacardium (oriental cashew) of Anacardiaceae family, is a tree frequently used Ayurvedic and Siddha system of medicines due to its curative properties. In Ayurveda in the cluster of