Research Article
The Application of the exp(−Φ())-Expansion Method for
Finding the Exact Solutions of Two Integrable Equations
Naila Sajid and Ghazala Akram
Department of Mathematics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
Correspondence should be addressed to Ghazala Akram; toghazala2003@yahoo.com
Received 3 August 2018; Revised 26 October 2018; Accepted 4 November 2018; Published 26 November 2018
Academic Editor: Maria L. Gandarias
Copyright © 2018 Naila Sajid and Ghazala Akram. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
In this article, the exp(−Φ()) method is connected to search for new hyperbolic, periodic, and rational solutions of (1 + 1)-
dimensional ffh-order nonlinear integrable equation and (2 + 1)-dimensional Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-Miwa equation. Te
obtained solutions consist of trigonometric, hyperbolic, rational functions and W-shaped soliton. Furthermore, 3D and 2D graphs
are plotted by choosing the suitable values of the parameters involved.
1. Introduction
Firstly, consider the (1+1)-dimensional ffh-order nonlinear
integrable equation. In [1], Wazwaz proposed a new (1 + 1)-
dimensional ffh-order nonlinear integrable equation of the
form
−
− 4 (
)
− 4 (
)
= 0, (1)
where = (,) stands for wave propagation of physical
quantity and subscripts represent partial diferentiation with
respect to the given variable and obtained multiple soliton
solutions using the simplifed Hirota’s method established by
Hereman and Nuseir [2].
Furthermore, Yuan et al. [3] consider the (2 + 1)-
dimensional Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-Miwa equation. To
study the (2 + 1)-dimensional Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-
Miwa equation, many researchers considered the following
integrable equation:
+ 4
+ 2
+ 6
+
− 2
= 0,
(2)
where is the real function of the variables , , and . With
the help of the Hirota method and auxiliary variables, the
bilinear B¨ acklund transformation and N-soliton solutions are
obtained.
Nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs) are one of the
fastest developing zones of research in the feld of science and
engineering, especially in mathematical biology, nonlinear
optics, optical fber, fuid mechanics, solid state physics,
biophysics, chemical physics, chemical kinetics, etc. Many
efective methods have been proposed to solve the NLEEs,
such as the Hirota method [1], Hereman-Nuseir method [2],
inverse scattering transformation [4], Painlev´ e technique [5],
B¨ acklund transformation [6], Darboux transformation [7,
8], Binary-Bell-polynomial scheme [9], frst integral method
[10, 11], (
/)−expansion method [12], the exp(−Φ())
expansion method [13], Exp-function method [14], ansatz
method [15], sine-Gordon expansion method [16, 17], the trial
equation method [18, 19], homotopy asymptotic [20], and so
on.
Te present paper organized as follows: In Section 2,
description of the exp(−Φ()) method for fnding the exact
traveling wave solutions of NLEEs is presented. Section 3
illustrates the method to solve the (1 + 1)-dimensional ffh-
order nonlinear integrable equation and (2 + 1)-dimensional
Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-Miwa equation. Results and discus-
sion are presented in Section 4. Finally, in Section 5, some
conclusions are given.
Hindawi
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Volume 2018, Article ID 5191736, 10 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5191736