https://doi.org/10.1177/1044389420929618
Families in Society: The Journal of
Contemporary Social Services
1–12
© The Author(s) 2020
Article reuse guidelines:
sagepub.com/journals-permissions
DOI: 10.1177/1044389420929618
journals.sagepub.com/home/fis
Article
Childhood maltreatment can have devastating
effects, and studies show that exposure to
adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may
have far-reaching consequences throughout
the life span. Larkin, Felitti, and Anda (2014)
described two decades of research related to
ACEs, identifying implications for prevention
and intervention. They recommended that
social workers advance ACE-informed
approaches to professional practice with indi-
viduals, families, and communities, but did not
comment on ACEs among social workers
themselves. Given the prevalence of child-
hood maltreatment in the general population,
inquiries of ACEs and their impact can be
extended to the personal and professional lives
of social workers and other health profession-
als. Using data from an online survey of
licensed social workers in 13 U.S. states, this
article presents results regarding ACEs among
5,540 licensed social workers, measuring rates
of maltreatment and identifying ways in which
these experiences have affected their wellness
and workplace-related issues.
A Brief Review of the
Literature
A substantial body of literature examines
ACEs, the exploration of childhood maltreat-
ment occurring during the first 18 years of
929618FIS XX X 10.1177/1044389420929618Families in SocietySteen et al.
research-article 2020
1
PhD, LCSW, associate research scientist, New York
University, New York City, USA
2
PhD, LCSW, associate professor, Lehman College, City
University of New York, Bronx, NY, USA
3
PhD, LCSW, professor, New York University, New
York City, USA
Corresponding Author:
Jeffrey T. Steen, Silver School of Social Work, New
York University, 1 Washington Square North, New
York, NY 10003, USA.
Email: jeff.steen@nyu.edu
Adverse Childhood Experiences
Among Licensed Social Workers
Jeffrey T. Steen
1
, Evan Senreich
2
,
and Shulamith Lala Ashenberg Straussner
3
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are predictors of deleterious outcomes in adulthood.
Studies of childhood maltreatment among various populations and professions assess the
prevalence and scope of ACEs. This article presents findings from a survey of 5,540 licensed
social workers in 13 states. The study found that social workers’ mean ACE score was 2.1, and
more than 23.6% reported exposure to more four or more ACEs, figures that are higher than
ACE scores in most populations. In addition, ACEs were negatively associated with wellness
and workplace issues, including physical health, mental health, alcohol and other drugs, tobacco,
sleep, and workplace stress. The need for additional exploration of ACEs among social workers
and implications for social work education and practice are discussed.
Keywords
adverse childhood experiences, social workers, wellness, workplace issues
Manuscript received: February 5, 2020; Revised: April 27, 2020; Accepted: May 3, 2020
Disposition editor: Sondra J. Fogel