Study on Thixotropic Property of A356 Alloy in Semi-Solid State
Sudip Simlandi
1, a
, Nilkanta Barman*
1,b
and Himadri Chattopadhyay
1,c
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata- 700032, India
a
sudip.simlandi@gmail.com,
b
nilkantajdvu@yahoo.com,
c
chimadri@gmail.com
Keywords: Thixotropic behavior, Modelling, Apparent viscosity
Abstract. In the present work, the thixotropic property of a semisolid aluminium alloy (A356)
under deformation is investigated numerically where the flow between two parallel plates is
considered. The flow field is represented by momentum conservation equations where the non-
Newtonian behavior of the semisolid material is represented by the Herschel-Bulkley model. The
agglomeration and the de-agglomeration phenomena of the suspended particles under shear are
represented using a time dependent structural parameter influenced by the rate of strain and shear
stress. The simulation predicts the flow field, rate of strain and apparent viscosity of the semisolid
materials under transient and steady state conditions. It is found that the apparent viscosity shows a
transient nature during sudden change in the shear rate, and its value decreases with increasing shear
rate and vice-versa. It is also found that the present prediction shows a good agreement with prior
work.
Introduction
The thixoforming is a developing manufacturing technique which produces near-net-shape
components. This technique is much advantageous over the other conventional forming techniques
such as it consumes less energy, and the final products have low porosity and good mechanical
properties. In thixoforming, the alloys are deformed in semisolid state, which exhibits a complex
non-Newtonian flow behavior. The flow behavior is influenced by numerous process factors, and
depends on time and stress history. In literature, it is found that the theoretical models for such
semisolid materials under deformation are less developed and the available constitutive models are
mostly established from experiments. However, for successful implementation of the technique,
proper knowledge on the properties of the semisolid materials under deformation is necessary. In
the present work, therefore, the thixotropic property of a semisolid alloy under deformation is
investigated numerically.
For understanding the modelling of the thixotropic behavior of alloys in semisolid state, related
research works are reviewed. Burgos et al. [1] reported that there exists a shear-dependent finite
yield stress which is modeled using the Herschel-Bulkley fluid model and introducing a structural
parameter to describe the kinetics of the agglomeration and de-agglomeration phenomena. Koke and
Modigell [2] found that the yield stress is strongly depends on the microstructure and the degree of
agglomeration of the solid phase and increases strongly with rest time because of the agglomeration
of the suspended solid particles. They also found that the steady-state rheological behavior is shear
thinning. Gautham and Kapur [3] presented a model for unsteady state shear stress of the semi-solid
metal suspensions by introducing a structural parameter. Dullaert and Mewis [4] presented a general
structural kinetics model to describe the flow behavior of thixotropic systems. A model proposed by
Alexandrou [5] is able to predict the flow behavior of the semi-solid slurries. In that work, the
variation of an apparent viscosity demonstrates the complexity of the flow behavior of slurry.
Alexandrou et al. [5, 6] presented the rate of breakdown and rate of buildup in semi-solid slurry
during shearing. They used the Herschel-Bulkey model as a standard thixotropic model for
modeling of the semi-solid metal suspensions. However, the semisolid alloys show a complex and
distinct flow behavior during semisolid processing. This complex flow behavior during processing
changes the process variables and conditions continuously in a way that is very different than the
convectional processing. Therefore, it is essential to generate concept and ideas of the alloy
Solid State Phenomena Vols. 192-193 (2013) pp 335-340
© (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.192-193.335
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