1 Md. SadreAlam Khan et al. Plant Archives Vol. 21, Supplement 1, 2021 pp. 1791-1797 e-ISSN:2581-6063 (online), ISSN:0972-5210 Plant Archives Journal homepage: http://www.plantarchives.org doi link : https://doi.org/10.51470/PLANTARCHIVES.2021.v21.S1.287 A REVIEW ON PESTICIDES IN YAMUNA RIVER AND ITS IMPACT ON VEGETABLES GROWN NEARBY AREAS Md. SadreAlam Khan, Swapnil Rai*and Gourav Kumar Singh. Department of Environment Science Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior-474005 (M.P), India. *Corresponding Author: ssrai31@gmail.com ABSTRACT Pesticides are particularly toxic and deadly for animals and humans alike. They pose hazards to customers, pedestrians, and staff during manufacturing, transportation. Pesticides are hazardous for animals and also for food crops even after washing and peeling. Pesticides decrease soil fertility and, in the absence of pesticides, the quality of soil has been found to be more with the added benefit of increased water preservation. Various pesticides are highly poisonous and these pesticides may contribute to the death of humans and animals except in quite small quantities, while exposure to a vast quantity of nearly any pesticide will trigger long term illness. As they are less stable and potentially harmful compared to organochlorine pesticides, this has increased the use of organophosphorus pesticides. This paper examines the status of pesticides and their effect on vegetables in Yamuna River. Farmers use a larger range of pesticides for high crop yields. A recent research confirmed that the excessive usage by farmers on the Yamuna floodplains of fertilizers and pesticides leads to poison the river water, its floodplains and groundwater, as well as vegetables and fruits grown nearby. This paper addresses the status of pesticides in Yamuna River and their impact on vegetables (Central Population Control Board). Keywords: CPCB, fertilizers, sewage, organ phosphorus fertilizers, DDT, DDE Introduction Yamuna's catchment area is highly urbanised, and many drains in the stretch of Delhi discharge into the river directly or indirectly (Atul et al., 2014). Frequent media reports highlight metal and pesticide pollution of vegetables grown along the banks of the Yamuna River in Delhi (Suruchi and Pankaj Khanna, 2011). In addition to being a popular water source, the Yamuna River is also a sacred symbol as part of eternal culture, and is worshipped in Indian Culture as a goddess. There are several temple towns along its bank which have their characters based on the river. Plant effluents and untreated waste are discharged into surface water bodies in Delhi and nearby (Singh et al., 2012). Water scarcity, forcing farmers to use wastewater to irrigate their grain and vegetable fields (CPCB, 2019). Metals such as silver, copper and manganese were present in the river when the groundwater contained large amounts of iron and manganese (Singh et al., 2012). Aluminum, arsenic, and chromium were found to be above acceptable levels in certain areas, according to a senior CPCB official. The apex pollution control body has proposed controlling floodplain farming, and farmers are prevented from growing these vegetables and fruits usage of sustainable cultivation and biological management of pests along with training of farmers to eliminate the use of toxic substances has also been promoted by CPCB. The below pictures show the crop conditions and the area affected by the pesticides. The treatment of sewage water in Delhi's major and its dangerous effects are compounded over time because untreated sewage water is used to grow crops in the urban environment (Parmar et al., 2012). Owing to its resistance to insects and diseases, pesticides are commonly used in fruit and vegetables. They have been commonly used around the world for their various benefits since the middle of the last century. Pesticides have been used to eradicate pests in livestock and in animal production (Karol et al., 2000). To increase the productivity of both animals and crops, boost food quality and reduce the Occurrence of insect transmitted diseases (Tyagi Mohit et al., 2015). They are added directly to the seeds, and some can even be found in the fruit and vegetables as residues after their harvest. Although many of the pesticides and fungicides are harmful substance but they provide a significant result in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables for generating commercial marketable goods (Kumar et al., 2011). Such inappropriate use, however has sometimes, been followed by threats to human being and also to environment. Residues of certain pesticides are contained in all compartments of the agro-ecosystems (EFSA, 2009)but maybe the most significant human danger is through the ingestion of residues as vegetables and fruits in food (Arsenault et al., 2000). Some pesticides are extremely strong, and very prone to microbial degradation. Since 1970’s usage of pesticides with high toxicity has made restricted and even though banned in various countries (Kaushik et al., 2008). Various harmful pesticides like organophosphate, organochlorine are causing paralysis and death by blocking nerve activity (Boon et al., 2008). Chronic exposure entails effects on the neurotics and behaviour. Pesticides may have serious effects including