Caffeine and progression of Parkinson’s disease: A deleterious interaction with creatine David K. Simon, MD PhD 1,* , Cai Wu 2 , Barbara C. Tilley, PhD 2 , Anne-Marie Wills, MD, MPH 3 , Michael J. Aminoff, MD, DSc 4 , Jacquelyn Bainbridge, BSPharm, PharmD 5 , Robert A. Hauser, MD, MBA 6 , Jay S. Schneider, PhD 7 , Saloni Sharma, MBBS 8 , Carlos Singer, MD 9 , Caroline M. Tanner, MD, PhD 10 , Daniel Truong, MD 11 , and Pei Shieen Wong, PharmD 5,12 1 Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; 330 Brookline Avenue; Boston, MA 02215. Phone: 617-735-3251; Fax: 617-735-2826 2 Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; Barbara.C.Tilley@uth.tmc.edu and Cai.Wu@uth.tmc.edu 3 Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; AWILLS@mgh.harvard.edu 4 Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco; Michael.Aminoff@ucsf.edu 5 University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Neurology, Aurora Colorado; Jacci.Bainbridge@ucdenver.edu 6 Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; rhauser@health.usf.edu 7 Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Parkinson's Disease Research Unit, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; Jay.Schneider@jefferson.edu 8 Clinical Trials Coordination Center, University of Rochester; Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642; saloni.sharma@chet.rochester.edu 9 Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL; csinger@med.miami.edu 10 Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Center, San Francisco Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco CA; Caroline.Tanner@ucsf.edu 11 The Parkinson’s and Movement Disorder Institute, Fountain Valley, CA; dtruong@pmdi.org 12 Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608; PEI.WONG@UCDENVER.EDU Abstract * Corresponding author: David K. Simon; dsimon1@bidmc.harvard.edu.. CONFLICT OF INTEREST Other authors have no relevant conflicts of interest. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Clin Neuropharmacol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 September 01. Published in final edited form as: Clin Neuropharmacol. 2015 ; 38(5): 163–169. doi:10.1097/WNF.0000000000000102. Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript