Research Article In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Extracts Obtained from Raw and Fermented Wild Macrofungus, Lenzites quercina Olusola Clement Ogidi, Victor Olusegun Oyetayo, and Bamidele Juliet Akinyele Department of Microbiology, Te Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria Correspondence should be addressed to Olusola Clement Ogidi; clementogidi@yahoo.com Received 31 July 2015; Accepted 13 October 2015 Academic Editor: Maurizio Sanguinetti Copyright © 2015 Olusola Clement Ogidi et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In recent time, there is a major concern about antibiotic resistance displayed by some pathogenic microorganisms and this had involved a continuous search for natural antimicrobial products. Te phytochemistry as well as antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from Lenzites quercina was investigated. Te extracts and purifed fractions were, respectively, tested against indicator organisms using agar well difusion and disc difusion methods. Te quantity of phytochemicals found in the extracts of L. quercina ranged from 14.4 to 20.7 mg/g for alkaloids, 6.1 to 12.8 mg/g for steroids, 4.5 to 10.6 mg/g for saponins, 2.8 to 17.2 mg/g for terpenoids, and 0.41 to 17.1mg/g for favonoids. Te gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GCMS) analysis of the extract reveals the presence of caprylic acid, stearic acid, tetradecanoic acid, methyl-11-octadecenoate, oleic acid, and 4-methyl-2-propyl-1-pentanol. Extracts of L. quercina and its purifed fractions exhibited wider range of inhibition (4 mm to 26 mm) on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218), Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Salmonella typhi, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. Te antimicrobial efects of L. quercina extracts indicate that this wild macrofungus contains signifcant amount of pharmacological agents, which could be extracted to curb the menace of antibiotic resistances by pathogenic organisms. 1. Introduction Te current resistance of disease-causing organisms to com- mon antibiotics is of serious concern and hence requires prompt attention. Species of Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysen- teriae, and Salmonella typhi had been termed as multidrug resistance organisms [1, 2]. Te virulent potentials and drug- resistant patterns of these pathogenic organisms in commu- nity health settings are worrisome as most of these resistant bacteria are capable of horizontal gene transfer, decreased cell permeability against convectional antibiotics, and alteration of the ribosomal binding site [3]. Tus, the problem of antibiotic resistance is now a global challenge that is growing at an alarming pace but more rapidly in both underdeveloped and developing countries [4, 5]. Aside from the abuse of antibiotics, several circumstances such as production of antibiotics with lower active ingredient, self-medication, and sales of expired antibiotics contribute to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance. In order to curb the problem of antibiotic resistances, the use of biologically active compounds from natural products needs to be explored. Medicinal mushrooms are richer source of natural sec- ondary metabolites that are antimicrobial in nature [6]. Te health-promoting benefts of secondary metabolites sourced from medicinal mushrooms had tremendously increased the chances of obtaining novel and safe antimicrobial com- pounds, which will combat and reduce the incidence of antibiotic resistance [7]. Lenzites quercina is basidiomycetes causing white rot in woods. Tis macrofungus is cosmopolitan in nature. How- ever, there is dearth of information on the phytochemistry and antimicrobial properties of this macrofungus sourced in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Te present study is therefore meant to assess the phytochemical constituents and antimi- crobial activity of raw and fermented L. quercina extracts. Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Microbiology Volume 2015, Article ID 106308, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/106308