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Original Paper
Dig Surg 2015;32:389–396
DOI: 10.1159/000438798
Changing Epidemiology of Intestinal
Obstruction in Ghana: Signs of Increasing
Surgical Capacity and an Aging Population
Adam Gyedu
a, b
Francis Abantanga
a, b
Ishmael Kyei
b
Godfred Boakye
b
Barclay T. Stewart
a–c
a
Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology,
b
Department of Surgery, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana;
c
Department of Surgery, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Efforts to reduce hernia backlog and expand the surgical
workforce may have had an effect on intestinal obstruction
epidemiology in Ghana. Increasing aging-related pathology
and a higher risk of death in elderly patients suggest that
improvement in geriatric surgical care is urgently needed.
© 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel
Introduction
Globally, general surgical emergencies are responsible
for more than 900,000 deaths and incur 25 million disabil-
ity-associated life years annually [1]. This burden falls dis-
proportionately on low- and middle-income countries
(LMICs) that are least equipped to provide necessary care
due to critical deficiencies in personnel, diagnostics and
supplies [2, 3]. Recent recognition of this important pub-
lic health problem has prompted initiatives to strengthen
the surgical health systems in LMICs [4]. The effects of
these efforts have led to some improvements in access to
surgical care and availability of surgical resources [2]. As
a result, the epidemiology and scope of operations per-
formed at referral centers, which provide a disproportion-
ately high proportion of surgery compared to other health
care levels in LMICs, may be changing [1]. Anticipating
Key Words
Intestinal obstruction · Ghana · Global surgery · Aging ·
Hernia · Emergency surgery
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to describe the epidemiolo-
gy and outcomes of intestinal obstruction at a tertiary hos-
pital in Ghana over time. Methods: Records of all patients
admitted to a tertiary hospital from 2007 to 2011 with intes-
tinal obstruction were identified using ICD-9 codes. Sociode-
mographic and clinical data were compared to a previously
published series of intestinal obstructions from 1998 to
2003. Factors contributing to longer than expected hospital
stays and death were further examined. Results: Of the 230
records reviewed, 108 patients (47%) had obstructions due
to adhesions, 50 (21%) had volvulus, 22 (7%) had an ileus
from perforation and 14 (6%) had intussusception. Hernia
fell from the 1st to the 8th most common cause of obstruc-
tion. Patients with intestinal obstruction were older in 2007–
2011 compared to those presenting between 1998 and 2003
(p < 0.001); conditions associated with older age (e.g. volvu-
lus and neoplasia) were more frequently encountered (p <
0.001). Age over 50 years was strong factor of in-hospital
death (adjusted OR 14.2, 95% CI 1.41–142.95). Conclusion:
Received: May 12, 2015
Accepted after revision: July 16, 2015
Published online: August 25, 2015
Barclay T. Stewart, MD, MScPH
Department of Surgery, University of Washington
1959 NE Pacific St., Suite BB-487, PO Box 356410
Seattle, WA 98195-6410 (USA)
E-Mail stewarb @ uw.edu
© 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel
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