Journal of General Virology (2000), 81, 2675–2682. Printed in Great Britain ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Vesicular stomatitis virus and pseudorabies virus induce a vig1/cig5 homologue in mouse dendritic cells via different pathways Pierre Boudinot, 1 Sabine Riffault, 1 Samia Salhi, 1 † Charles Carrat, 1 Christine Sedlik, 2 Nassira Mahmoudi, 1 Bernard Charley 1 and Abdenour Benmansour 1 1 INRA, Unite ! de Virologie et Immunologie Mole ! culaires, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas cedex, France 2 INSERM U520, Institut Curie, section recherche, 12 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France The homologous genes vig1 and cig5 were identified by differential display PCR as virus-induced genes in rainbow trout and humans, respectively. These genes are significantly related to sequences required for the biosynthesis of metal cofactors, but their function remains unknown. In this study, it is shown that the mouse homologue of vig1/cig5 was induced by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and pseudorabies virus (PrV) in mouse spleen cells. Among a collection of cell lines from dendritic, myeloid, lymphoid or fibroblast lineages, only the dendritic cell line, D2SC1, showed expression of mvig after virus infection. This dendritic restriction was confirmed by our finding that mvig was also induced by both VSV and PrV in CD11c MM spleen cells, separated by magnetic purification or derived from bone marrow precursor cells. Similar to the fish rhabdovirus viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus in trout cells, VSV directly induced mvig in the dendritic cell line D2SC1, but the PrV-mediated induction required the integrity of the interferon pathway. This result indicates that mvig is interferon-inducible like its fish and human homologues. Furthermore, mvig was also induced by LPS in bone marrow-derived cells. Thus, mvig expression seems to correlate with an activated state of dendritic cells subjected to different pathogen-associated stimuli. Introduction Infection with viruses is known to lead to a dramatic shift in the transcriptional activity of host cellular genes. These changes have been shaped by the long co-evolution of the host and the pathogen and reflect the two opposing strategies developed by the virus to subvert the cell metabolism and the host to counter virus infection (Hardwick & Griffin, 1996). Recently, new methodologies were developed for the global analysis of cell transcripts. The transcriptional shift due to Author for correspondence : Abdenour Benmansour. Fax ›33 1 34 65 25 91. e-mail abdenour!biotec.jouy.inra.fr † Present address : Unite ! de Biochimie Cellulaire, FRE 2219 CNRS, Universite ! Pierre et Marie Curie, 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France. The GenBank accession number of the sequence reported in this paper is AF236064. viruses has been studied using mRNA differential display (Hsiang et al., 1996 ; Sorbara et al., 1996 ; Zhu et al., 1997 ; Tal- Singer et al., 1998 ; Boudinot et al., 1999; Zhang et al., 1999), oligonucleotide array technology (Zhu et al., 1998) and DNA microarray hybridization (Geiss et al., 2000). Many genes were proved to be increased or decreased in such systematic studies, some of which potentially play important roles in virus- induced pathogenesis or in antiviral response. Using differential display PCR, we have described vig1 as a gene induced during virus incubation of rainbow trout leukocytes with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, a fish rhabdovirus (VHSV ; Boudinot et al., 1999). Its human hom- ologue, cig5, was similarly identified from primary skin cultures incubated with inactivated human cytomegalovirus (Zhu et al., 1997). vig1 and cig5 sequences are very similar, suggesting a conserved function probably related to the host response to virus infection. The rat gene best5 identified in bone tissue from ovariectomized females (Grewal et al., 2000) and mouse expressed sequence tags from different tissues display high 0001-7197 # 2000 SGM CGHF