29 Journal of Construction Research | Volume 02 | Issue 01 | June 2020 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jcr.v2i1.2732 Journal of Construction Research https://ojs.bilpublishing.com/index.php/jcr-b ARTICLE Inter-Organizational Conflict (IOC) in Building Refurbishment Pro- jects; an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) approach Adel Noori * Nazanin Nafsi Mohamadreza Mokariantabari Faculty of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jinggangshan University, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history Received: 25 December 2020 Accepted: 25 January 2020 Published Online: 31 January 2021 Over the past years, there has been an expanding intrigued in building refurbishment projects because of the alter in financial conditions and the accentuation on sustainable development. Increasing demand for building refurbishment projects will lead to an increase in organizational interactions in the construction works as building refurbishment works involve interactions among many different organizations and it can cause Inter-Organizational confict (IOC) among organizations involved in proj- ects. This paper adopted an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) approach to analyses IOC in building refurbishment projects. For this study, a fve- point Likert Scale was adopted to ensure the instruments of the study are reliable. The researcher ultimately sent questionnaires as a web-link and email invitation to 1050 construction frms and 733 architectural frms. The questionnaire sent to managers and professionals from construction and architectural firms in Malaysia. Finally, one-hundred-seventy-nine (179) refurbishment projects formed a database for this paper. The fnding of this paper shows the IOC factors that contribute to the improve the performance of building refurbishment project can be confict during the construction stage, conflict between the client and the consultant, task expectations, basic responsibilities, fnal duration, project’s goals, confict between the client and the contractor, fnal cost, fnal quality, standards of behaviors, confict between the contractor and the consultant, interference and confict during the design stage. Keywords: Building refurbishment project Inter-Organizational Confict (IOC) Uncertainty Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Existing building *Corresponding Author: Adel Noori, Faculty of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Jinggangshan University, China; E-mail: adel.noori61@gmail.com 1. Introduction Over the past years, there has been an expanding in- trigued in building refurbishment projects because of the alter in fnancial conditions and the accentuation on sus- tainable development [41] . Investment for new construction projects would likely decrease, but the need for building refurbishment works would likely increase. This is since the demand for building refurbishment projects comes from various sources such as obsolescence and deteriora- tion. In spite of the financial downturn, building propri- etors still ought to repair their property [13]. Building/house refurbishment is defned as works that involve renovation, upgrading, retrofit, improvement, and repair of existing and occupied buildings [22, 46] . Besides, the demands for building refurbishment works are likely to increase in the next decade due to the regeneration of inner cities and towns, and growing concerns about building on green- feld sites. Thus, renovation and refurbishment of existing buildings plays a considerable role in attaining sustainable