ɍȾɄ 581.9 (58.006) ȺɇȺɅɂɁ ɎɅɈɊЫ ȻɈɌȺɇɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɋȺȾȺ ɄȺɄ ɁȿɅȿɇɈȽɈ ɎɈɇȾȺ ȽɈɊɈȾȺ ɂɊɄɍɌɋɄȺ ɋ.ȼ. ɋɢɡɵɯ, ȼ.ə. Ʉɭɡɟɜɚɧɨɜ Ȼɨɬɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɚɞ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ, ɝ. Иɪɤɭɬɫɤ, Ɋɨɫɫɢя ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɮɥɨɪɵ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɨɝɨ Ȼɨɬɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɚɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɡɟɥɟɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɬɚɤɫɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɛɢɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɮɥɨɪɵ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɪɨɞɨɣ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɛɟɪɟɡɚ ɩɨɜɢɫɥɚɹ Betula pendula Roth., ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɧɚ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɚɹ Pinus sylvestris L. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɛɢɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɮɥɨɪɚ Ȼɨɬɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɚɞɚ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɫɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɦɢ ɬɪɚɜɹɧɢɫɬɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ – 72.5%. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɞɥɢɧɧɨ- ɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɤɨɪɧɟɜɢɳɧɵɟ – 56.4%, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɚɷɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɱɜ. Ɉɛɢɥɢɟ ɨɞɧɨ- ɢ ɞɜɭɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ. ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ, ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɹɫɟ ȿɜɪɚɡɢɢ. ɋɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɢɞɵ, ɧɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɥɨɪɵ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ (ɧɟɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɮɥɨɪɵ) ɜ ɛɨɬɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɚɞɚɯ (Ȼɋ) ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɵɦ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɡɟɥɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɨɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɪɚɣɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ-ɢɧɬɪɨɞɭɰɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ Ȼɋ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɛɟɠɢɳɟɦ (ɪɟɮɭɝɢɭɦɨɦ) ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ. ɗɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ Ȼɋ ɤɚɤ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɢɥɢɳɚ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ № 33-ɎɁ “Ɉɛ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɯ”. ɗɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɞɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɢɫɤɨɜ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ Ȼɋ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ (7). ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɥɨɪɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ȼɋ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɨɦ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɹɦɢ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɨ ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɠɚɪɚɦ, ɩɟɪɟɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɱɜɵ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ Д6]. ɐɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɮɥɨɪɵ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ Ȼɨɬɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɚɞɚ ɂȽɍ (Ȼɋ ɂȽɍ) ɤɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɂɪɤɭɬɫɤɚ. Ɂɚɞɚчɢ: ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨ-ɛɢɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɵ ɮɥɨɪɵ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ.