Review
Energizing the CO
2
utilization by chemo-enzymatic approaches and
potentiality of carbonic anhydrases: A review
Tanvi Sharma
a
, Swati Sharma
b
, Hesam Kamyab
c
, Ashok Kumar
a, *
a
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of InformationTechnology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, India
b
University Institute of Biotechnology (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab,140413, India
c
Department of Engineering, Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
article info
Article history:
Received 30 May 2019
Received in revised form
24 October 2019
Accepted 1 November 2019
Available online 4 November 2019
Handling Editor: Prof. Jiri Jaromir Kleme s
Keywords:
CO
2
Capture
Global warming
Carbonic anhydrase
Immobilization
CaCO
3
abstract
During the last few decades, enormous emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere by
human activities, lead to global warming. Thus, it becomes essential to prevent the excessive emission or
to develop new technologies to avoid successive accumulation of CO
2
. Biological systems in nature have
the capability to fix the atmospheric CO
2
but in the urban and industrially developed areas where a rate
of CO
2
emission is very high, the biological system cannot capture and utilize the whole CO
2.
Various
chemicals and synthetic materials with CO
2
absorbing property are not eco-friendly or these are very
expensive. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is the fastest known enzymes containing zinc in its active site,
convert CO
2
to bicarbonate ions. It is one of a potent biological catalyst for CO
2
conversion. Thus, in order
to reduce the level of CO
2
the biocatalytic properties of microbial CA can be exploited. Literature survey
showed that, more than fifty different microbial CAs have been explored for CO
2
sequestration. The major
advantages of CA to sequester CO
2
are economic viability and carbonation of CO
2
at a low concentration.
Despite the higher rate of catalysis, the stability of CA is a major challenge for its industrial application.
These difficulties have been partly solved by immobilizing the CA onto the bio-inspired surface, biochar,
alginate, polyurethane foam and variety of nano-textured materials. A combination of enzyme and
material which jointly capture and convert the CO
2
into either carbon-rich compound of economic value
or reduced carbon derivatives will plausibly energize the CO
2
utilization. In this review, we discussed the
recent advances in chemical and materials used for CO
2
capture, their advantages and limitations, uti-
lization of microbial CA for CO
2
conversion, and its various applications.
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 2
2. Material collection and research analysis ................................................................................................ 2
3. Potential of microbial CA in CO
2
conversion .................................................. .......................................... 3
4. Catalytic mechanism and properties of CA .................................................. ........................................... 3
5. Chemicals and materials facilitating the CO
2
capture .................................................................................... 4
5.1. Chemicals for CO
2
capture ...................................................... ............................................... 4
5.2. Materials for CO
2
capture ....................................................................................................... 5
5.3. Hybrid systems for CO
2
capture .................................................... ............................................. 7
5.4. Natural/biological system for CO
2
capture ......................................................................................... 7
6. Modification methods of CA for improved CO
2
capture and conversion ..................................... ............................... 8
6.1. Directed evolution and protein engineering of CA .................................................................................. 8
6.2. CA as an immobilized biocatalyst for CO
2
conversion ............................................................................... 8
7. Analysis of different CO
2
capture technologies used in various countries .................................... ............................... 9
* Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: ashok.nadda@juit.ac.in, ashok.nadda09@gmail.com
(A. Kumar).
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Journal of Cleaner Production
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jclepro
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119138
0959-6526/© 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Journal of Cleaner Production 247 (2020) 119138