Network Revenues and
African American Broadcast
Television Programs
Keith S. Brown
Federal Communications Commission
Washington, DC
Roberto J. Cavazos
School of Policy & Management
Florida International University
This article explores factors explaining program cast racial composition on television
broadcast network programs. The roles of program type, cast composition, and
viewer income on advertising revenue are examined. The analysis of the data yields
several key findings. First, there is no bias against African Americans on the part of
viewers or television networks when adjusting for viewer income and age. Second,
African Americans have lower incomes and show a strong intensity of preference for
programming featuring African American cast members. Therefore, despite the ab-
sence of bias, the advertiser-supported broadcast market likely produces less than the
socially optimal amount of African American programming. This article provides
policy recommendations to increase viewer benefits.
African American group rights and advocacy organizations have often criticized
television networks, claiming that African Americans are underrepresented on casts
of network prime time television programs. In June 1999, the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored Peoplep launched a campaign against the four net-
works on the basis that Whites were primarily featured in the new fall lineup (Online
NewsHour, 1999). The primary research question is this: Are African Americans
underrepresented on broadcast television?
JOURNAL OF MEDIA ECONOMICS, 15(4), 227–239
Copyright © 2002, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Requests for reprints should be sent to Keith S. Brown, Federal Communications Commission,
Common Carrier Bureau, Industry Analysis Division, 445 12th Street, SW, Washington, DC 20554.
E-mail: ksbrown@fcc.gov