International Journal of Innovative Research in Electronics and Communications (IJIREC)
Volume 3, Issue 4, 2016, PP 35-43
ISSN 2349-4042 (Print) & ISSN 2349-4050 (Online)
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2349-4050.0304005
www.arcjournals.org
©ARC Page 35
Distributed Resource Allocation for D2DCommunication
Networks Based in Game Theory
F. W. Zaki
1
, S. Kishk
1
, N. H. Almofari
(1, 2)
1
Communication and Electronics Dept. Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Egypt.
2
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Yemen.
Abstract: The next generation expected to provide high data rate to handle the huge demand on new data-
consuming applications and services, Also the higher number of connected devices due to using new
technologies such as internet of things (IoT) will make the challenge more difficult. New techniqu es must be
used to face this challenges such as base station densification, use new high frequency bands, Machine to
Machine (M2M) and Device to Device (D2D) communication. In heterogeneous multitier networks, D2D
communication is used as underlay tier to enhance the system spectral efficiency and increase the data rate.
This complicate the resource allocation process in this networks. Distributed algorithms is used to solve the
resource allocation problems with low computational complexity.
In this paper, the allocation problem is formulated to maximize the system data rate while confiding the co -
channel interference resulted from the D2D underlay tier which share the same resources with the cellular
users. Auction based algorithm is used to solve the proposed allocation problem in distributed manner with very
low complexity compared to the centralized methods.
Keywords: Resource allocation, Relay assisted D2D, Auction.
1. INTRODUCTION
The increased demand on wireless networks services and higher data rates in next generation
networks need new technologies and algorithms to handle this requirement. D2D communications is
one of the LTE-A technologies, where D2D pairs used as underlay of the cellular network to increase
the efficiency of using radio spectrum [1]. In D2D communication, D2D pairs communicate directly
using cellular resource without assistance of eNB. This increase resources utilization where the same
resource can be used simultaneously by the cellular UE and D2D pair (Reuse gain). Also the short
path between the D2D user equipment increase the link efficiency (a proximity gain). D2D pairs use
one link resource instead of using resource for uplink and downlink resources in the case of cellular
mode (hop gain)[2].
D2D communication can be categorized in to two types depend on the spectrum used by the D2D
pairs: unlicensed spectrum is used by ad hoc and personal area networks in short range
communications such as Bluetooth and Direct WiFi.licensed (cellular) spectrum is proposed recently
to use by D2D pairs in cellular networks to enhance the spectral and energy efficiency [3].
D2D communication increase the spectral efficiency and improve the cellular coverage, but introduce
interference to cellular users, which need to develop new efficient interference from underlay tier and
realize the benefits of D2D communication [4]. The heterogeneous nature of the next generation
networks, the base station densification, using small base station and relays, and using D2D
communication undelaying cellular network make the resource allocation in these networks very
complex. High computational complexity of the centralized solution of the resource allocation
problem prompted the researchers to find distributed methods with lower complexity.
New methods coming from economic such as Auction, stable matching and message passing and
other methods such as Stackelberg game gain attention as a game theory based approach to solve the
complex resource allocation problems[5].
Authors of [6] analyze the D2D communication as underlay tier of the cellular UEs and propose a
power control scheme to restrict the interference between the cellular link and the D2D link aiming to
increase the overall data rate. In [7] the resource of cellular uplink is shared with the D2D users and