https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539520962965
Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health
1–2
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DOI: 10.1177/1010539520962965
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Article
What We Already Know:
• Domestic violence, although recognised as a pressing
issue for decades, is far from being resolved.
• Local or national lockdowns have shown rise in inci-
dences of domestic violence worldwide.
• Domestic violence is a serious criminal offence, but
cultural beliefs mask it as a taboo subject.
What This Article Adds:
• Despite existing legislation, the offenders are hardly
ever brought to justice.
• evidence of rise in domestic violence in pakistan dur-
ing COVID-19 lockdown.
• strategies to counter domestic violence in Pakistan.
These are surely unprecedented times, as the coronavirus
disease-2019 (COVID-19) continues to show increasing
trends of infectivity and deaths worldwide. However, the
same cannot be said about domestic violence, an endemic
condition that has worsened over the decades. Following the
previous outbreaks of cholera, Zika virus, and Ebola virus,
rise in domestic violence was seen during lockdowns, along
with reductions in funding of public health services.
1
Due to a patriarchal society, more than 90% of married
Pakistani women reportedly endure physical or sexual
abuse,
2
which is considered a private family matter and not
a crime to be reported. This grim actuality is deep-rooted in
our society and, by international laws, is a clear human
rights violation.
2
Each province has legislation to enforce the protection of
women,
3
which are based on Islamic Shari’ah.
4
Nevertheless,
serious violations continue, due to lack of implementation of
existing laws and amendments, and as the justice system
fails them, the victims are trapped without recourse.
Staying in close confinement with the abuser not only
amplifies the degree and frequency of violence but also makes
it difficult for victims to contact social, protective, and health
care services, crisis centers, or have access to outside help
from friends and families, thereby instilling fear, feelings of
persecution, and complete hopelessness. Preexisting psychi-
atric illnesses can worsen, which further limits the ability to
cope with conflicts.
Accordingly, we can agree that stay-at-home orders to
limit the spread of COVID-19 certainly do not guarantee
safety for families, who are faced with a lethal virus outdoors
and abusers at home, who use these restrictions and spread
misinformation about the disease to exert dominance and
962965APH XX X 10.1177/1010539520962965Asia Pacific Journal of Public HealthBaig et al
research-article 2020
1
Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
Corresponding Author:
Numra Altaf Tunio, Ziauddin Medical University, 4/B, Shahrah-e-Ghalib,
Block 6, Clifton, Karachi, Sindh 75600, Pakistan.
Email: numra.altaf14@gmail.com
Domestic Violence Amid COVID-19
Pandemic: Pakistan’s Perspective
Mirza Altamish Muhammad Baig, MBBS
1
, Sajjad Ali, MBBS
1
,
and Numra Altaf Tunio, MBBS
1
Abstract
While the coronavirus pandemic has spread around the world like wildfire since almost 7 months of its emergence, domestic
violence has been breeding endlessly like a “silent pandemic” and is similarly globally persevered. Violence against women
exacerbates during such emergencies on account of heightened tension and close living conditions due to lockdowns
regulated by state orders. In Pakistan, where domestic violence is a “taboo” object of discussion, help is not provided from
neighboring citizens, or even by law enforcers, leaving victims to endure in solitude acts of verbal, physical, psychological, and
sexual abuse in the name of alleged supremacy of the assailant.
Keywords
domestic violence, women’s health/violence, COVID-19, Pakistan, lockdown