Psychopharmacology (1993) 112:111-115
Psychopharmacology
© Springer-Verlag 1993
Effect of 5--HT3 receptor antagonists
on the discriminative stimulus properties of morphine in rats
Narges Joharchi, Edward M. Sellers, and Guy A. Higgins
Clinical PsychopharmacologyProgram, Addiction Research Foundation, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, and Departments
of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Received December 18, t 992 / Final version March 9, t 993
Abstract. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, e.g. MDL72222,
ondansetron and ICS205-930, have been previously re-
ported to block a morphine (1.5 mg/kg)-induced con-
ditioned place preference in rats. This finding suggests
that these drugs may modify the morphine discriminative
stimulus which underlies place conditioning. To study
this further we have examined the effects of MDL72222,
ondansetron and ICS205-930 against a morphine dis-
criminative stimulus using a two-choice, food reinforced,
operant paradigm. In an attempt to provide consistency
with previous place conditioning studies, a morphine
training dose of 1.5 mg/kg was used in addition to a
higher 3 mg/kg dose which was studied in separate ani-
mals. Stimulus control of behaviour was attained at both
morphine training doses, the characteristics of each being
consistent with an effect at the mu opioid receptor. On-
dansetron (0.001-1 mg/kg), MDL72222 (0.1-3 mg/kg),
and ICS205-930 (0.001-1 mg/kg) all failed to consistent-
ly antagonise the morphine cue at both training doses,
although a mild attenuation was seen in the 1.5 mg/kg
group following pretreatment with an intermediate dose
of ondansetron and ICS205-930 (both 0.01 mg/kg). The
present results therefore suggest hat 5-HT3 antagonists
do not block a morphine discriminative state, at least in
rats.
Key words: Morphine drug discrimination - Rat- 5-HT3
receptor antagonists - Opioid - Naloxone
Morphine, in common with a variety of related opioids,
possesses discriminative stimulus properties in rats
(Shannon and Holtzman 1976a, t977a; Colpaert 1977;
Young et al. 1992). Thus animals may be trained in a
two-choice situation to make an appropriate response
Correspondence to." G.A. Higgins, Glaxo Unit of Behavioural
Psychopharmacology, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane,
Hatfield, Herts ALl0 9AB, UK
depending on whether they have been injected with mor-
phine or saline vehicle prior to testing. Because it seems
that there is a good correlation between the stimulus
properties of a variety of opioid drugs in animals, includ-
ing rats, and their subjective effects in humans (Shannon
and Holtzman 1976a, 1977a; Colpaert 1977; Preston and
Jasinski 1991), the drug discrimination paradigm has
become a valuable model with which to study these
agents. This type of research is important, as the subjec-
tive effects of opiates are thought to significantly contrib-
ute to their abuse liability (Jaffe 1990; Preston and Jasin-
ski 1991). By the use of the drug discrimination
procedure, at the preclinical stage, novel drugs may be
tested for their ability to either substitute for (generalise
to), or antagonise, an opioid (e.g. morphine) cue. Drugs
which block this cue may have potential as treatments for
opiate abuse, since there would be a possibility that these
agents may modify an opioid discriminative state in
humans.
Recently 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (e.g. ondan-
setron, ICS205-930, MDL72222) have been reported to
prevent the development of a morphine conditioned
place preference in rats (Carboni et al. 1989; Higgins et
al. 1992). One interpretation of this finding is that 5-HT3
receptor blockade might modify the morphine discrimi-
native stimulus such that it can no longer elicit a place
preference. Therefore in the present study we have
attempted to extend these findings by investigating the
effects of 5-HT3 antagonists in an operant, food rein-
forced, drug discrimination paradigm using morphine as
the training drug. Because the dose of training drug can
be a critical factor in quantitative and qualitative assess-
ments of stimulus generalisation and, more important to
the present study, antagonism (Shannon and Holtzman
1979; Stolerman et ai. 1987; Young et al. 1992), we
utilised two training doses of morphine in separate
squads of rats. A 3 mg/kg training dose was used, as this
has been reliably shown to produce accurate and stable
discriminative control (Shannon and Holtzman 1976a,
1977a). A lower training dose of 1.5 mg/kg was also used
because this was the dose of morphine used to induce a