Vol.:(0123456789)
Crime Prevention and Community Safety
https://doi.org/10.1057/s41300-021-00114-0
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Extending the net: from securitisation to civicisation
of migration control
Witold Klaus
1
· Monika Szulecka
1
Accepted: 10 March 2021
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2021
Abstract
The article aims to contribute to the very actual theoretical debate concerning inter-
section of migration control and crime prevention. Its objective is to review and
critically discuss the process of extending control over immigrants. It is based on
the analysis of control practices revealed in the countries of the Global North, which
are the most common destinations for immigrants, be they forced or voluntary. We
apply the three-stage notion of the development of migration control, of which two,
i.e. securitisation and privatisation, have been quite extensively commented on in
the literature so far. The third level, though, based on civic involvement in migra-
tion control practices, named here civicisation of migration control, deserves spe-
cial attention as possibly prospective tool applied by the states in migration govern-
ance. We claim that increasing the net of social agents encouraged or obliged to
control and report to authorities “suspicious” migrants or their “suspicious” behav-
iours raises doubts whether the involvement of citizens of certain kinds of public
and private bodies can be assessed positively. To support this argument, we indicate
the consequences of unrefexive associations of migration-related phenomena with
threats to security and crimes.
Keywords Migration control · Securitisation of migration · Privatisation of control ·
Civic involvement · Criminalisation of migration
Introduction
Along with deepened European integration, migration of non-EU nationals has
become increasingly politicised among European elites. It became associated with
issues of security or—more precisely—the lack thereof. The roots of this process
reach to the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, when the end of the Cold War contributed
* Monika Szulecka
m.szulecka@inp.pan.pl
1
Department of Criminology at the Institute of Law Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Warsaw, Poland
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