616 JOGNN © 2007, AWHONN, the Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses
Births to women of advanced maternal age
have increased dramatically over the last decade in
both the United States. The majority of women who
deliver their first baby after age 35 are healthy and
experience positive birth outcomes. According to cur-
rent research, primigravidas over 35 tend to be edu-
cated consumers. Their physical and psychosocial
needs differ from those of the mother in her 20s,
due to advanced age and factors related to difficulty
conceiving and life circumstances. This paper
presents (a) an overview of the possible risks to
outcomes of childbearing for women over the age
of 35; (b) a discussion of how women of advanced
maternal age may differ from younger women re-
lated to developmental stage, stress or anxiety or
both, decision making, and support systems; and (c)
an exploration of tailoring nursing care strategies
during the peripartum period specifically for this age
cohort. JOGNN, 36, 616-623; 2007. DOI: 10.1111/
J.1552-6909.2007.00197.x
Keywords: Advanced maternal age—Delayed
childbearing—Maternal psychosocial aspects—Maternal
risk—Tailoring maternity care
Accepted: May 2007
An increase in rates of delayed motherhood after
age 35, both in the United States and internationally
(Aliyu et al., 2005; Carolan, 2005; Newburn-Cook
& Onyskiw, 2005), presents challenges for maternity
nurses. Women older than 35 years of age tradition-
ally have been considered at risk for adverse mater-
nal and infant outcomes as a function of the
interaction between age and health history. However,
many older women may not be at increased risk.
Furthermore, a health care provider’s judgment of a
pregnant woman’s level of risk may not match
her self-perception or the perceptions of her family.
A low-risk woman may view herself as medically
high risk and desire all the intervention possible, or
she may expect a low-intervention birth but arrive in
labor with abnormal findings requiring medical
intervention.
The challenge for the maternity nurse is to tailor
nursing care to meet the biological and psychosocial
needs of healthy and at-risk women over 35 years
old who present for labor, delivery, and postpartum
care. A “one size fits all” approach to care is inade-
quate. The nursing assessment is the first step in
providing tailored care to a woman of advanced
maternal age (AMA). Tailoring care requires under-
standing a woman’s expectations, the values she has
placed on her childbirth experience, and her adap-
tation to impending motherhood. Holistic patient-
centered care facilitates patient satisfaction (Brown,
1992; Redman & Lynn, 2005). This paper reviews
the research evidence of risks faced by older child-
bearing women and provides maternity nurses with
updated information and examples of nursing care
tailored to meet the psychosocial needs of mothers
over age 35.
Health Outcomes of Births to Older
Women
Childbirth Rates and Outcomes After Age 35
Since 1990 (Center for Disease Control [CDC],
2006), birth rates in the United States for women
between 35 and 39 years of age increased by 43%
and those aged 40 to 44 experienced an increase in
birth rate of 62%. Table 1 presents the number and
CLINICAL ISSUES
Tailoring Peripartum Nursing Care for
Women of Advanced Maternal Age
Patricia Dunphy Suplee, Katy Dawley, and Joan Rosen Bloch