Journal of Work and
Organizational Psychology
Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology (2018) 34(1) 56-62
Cite this article as: León, F. R. & Morales, O. (2018). Effects of people-oriented leadership and subordinate employability on call center withdrawal behaviors. Journal of Work and
Organizational Psychology, 34, 56-62. https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2018a7
ISSN:1576-5962/© 2018 Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Effects of People-oriented Leadership and Subordinate Employability
on Call Center Withdrawal Behaviors
Federico R. León
a
and Oswaldo Morales
b
a
Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru;
b
Universidad ESAN, Lima, Peru
A major organizational problem faced by call center management
is personnel withdrawal behaviors, that is, lateness, absenteeism,
and turnover (Hutchinson, Purcell, & Kinnie, 2000; Kleemann &
Matuschek, 2002; Malhotra & Mukherjee, 2004; Rose, 2002; Schalk
& van Rijckevorsel, 2007). An absenteeism rate of 5% has been
reported for call centers versus the national USA average of 3.5%
(Management Today, 1999) and the turnover rate has surpassed
30% (Stuller, 1999). Such withdrawal behaviors are attributable to
two broad factors. First, since call center operations are relatively
low-value-added and subject to intense price competition, they
converge toward a low-skill, low wage model of production, and
employment relations which frequently include successive short-
term contracts. Call centers offer jobs that require modest formal
education insofar as the appraised candidate shows competencies
in computer literacy, numeracy, and interpersonal communication
(Batt, 2002). Thus, a high prevalence of female workers and
http://journals.copmadrid.org/jwop
ARTICLE INFO
Article history:
Received 13 December 2016
Accepted 11 January 2018
Keywords:
People-oriented leadership
Turnover
Absenteeism
Worker employability
Servicio de atención telefónica
ABSTRACT
Call-center employees are prone to lateness, absenteeism, and turnover because their jobs are low-wage, low-skill,
and provoke high levels of stress. Thus, considerate supervisors achieve from them better performance and reduced
turnover. This study tested in a Peruvian call center (N = 255) various hypotheses concerned with the effects of people-
oriented leadership on withdrawal behaviors, their moderation by subordinate perceived employability, and the nature
of the relationships between withdrawal behaviors. The evidence revealed independence of uncertified absenteeism
from turnover intention, negative effects of people-oriented leadership on subordinate turnover intention regardless of
subordinate level of employability, and leadership x employability crossover interactive effects on subordinate uncertified
absenteeism. Since people-oriented supervision is associated with increased absenteeism among highly employable
subordinates and decreased absenteeism among low-employability workers, the effects cancel each other. Thus, there is a
need for understanding the underlying determinants as a pre-condition to deriving practical recommendations.
Los efectos del liderazgo centrado en las personas y de la empleabilidad
de los subordinados sobre los comportamientos de abandono en el servicio
de atención telefónica
RESUMEN
Los empleados de los servicios de atención telefónica son propensos a retrasos, absentismo y abandono, debido a que sus
trabajos son poco remunerados, de baja cualificación y provocan altos niveles de estrés. Por lo tanto, los supervisores con-
siderados obtienen de ellos un mayor rendimiento y un menor abandono. Este estudio que se llevó a cabo en un servicio de
atención telefónica peruano (N = 255) probó varias hipótesis relacionadas con los efectos del liderazgo orientado a personas
en el comportamiento de abandono, en la moderación por la empleabilidad percibida de los subordinados y en la naturaleza
de la relación entre comportamientos de abandono. La evidencia reveló la independencia entre el absentismo no justificado
y la intención de abandono, los efectos negativos del liderazgo orientado a las personas sobre la intención de abandono
de los subordinados, independientemente del nivel de empleabilidad y los efectos de interacción cruzada de liderazgo y
empleabilidad sobre el absentismo no justificado de los subordinados. Dado que la supervisión orientada a las personas se
asocia con un aumento del absentismo en los subordinados de alta empleabilidad y una disminución del absentismo entre
los trabajadores de baja empleabilidad, los efectos se anulan mutuamente. Por lo tanto, existe una necesidad de comprender
los determinantes subyacentes como una condición previa a la obtención de recomendaciones prácticas.
Palabras clave:
Liderazgo centrado en las personas
Abandono
Absentismo
Empleabilidad de los trabajadores
Call centers
Correspondence: federicorleone@gmail.com (F. R. León).
Journal of Work and
Organizational Psychology
Revista de Psicología del
Trabajo y de las Organizaciones
Editor
Jesús F. Salgado
Associate Editors
Antonio García-Izquierdo
Francisco J. Medina
Silvia Moscoso
Ramón Rico
Carmen Tabernero
Vol. 34, No. 1, April 2018
ISSN: 1576-5962