CHAPTER 19 An inclusive and participative model for energy transition in Latin America: the case of Chilean Generacio ´ n Comunitaria Francisco Merino 1 , Adolfo Mejı ´a Montero 2 and Cecilia Dastres 3 1 Coordinator of Generacio ´n Comunitaria Partnership Framework, Participation and Community Engagement Division, Ministry of Energy, Chile 2 University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 3 Head of Content, Methodology and Partnerships Unit, Participation and Community Engagement Division, Ministry of Energy, Chile 19.1 Introduction Since the late 1980s the natural resources sector has assumed greater importance for the global economic and social development, and Latin America is not an exception. Nevertheless, the extractive and energy sectors have impacted resource-rich countries in Latin America, both positively and negatively, in economic and social ways. Positively, they have generated higher revenues for GDP and increased employability. Negatively, they have resulted in high risks for communities located in the areas affected by these specific projects. The last is particularly acute in developing countries, such as Peru, 1 Mexico, 2 1 Several social-environmental mappings have illustrated conflicts in Peru, Mexico, and Chile about energy conflicts. For example, in Peru the Ombudsman Office demonstrated that at least 35 social-environmental conflicts have relation with energy projects. Defensorı ´a del Pueblo, Adjuntı ´a para la Prevencio ´n de Conflictos Sociales y la Gobernabilidad, 2016. Reporte Mensual de Conflictos Sociales No. 154. Available from: ,https://sinia.minam.gob.pe/documentos/reporte- mensual-conflictos-sociales-ndeg-154-diciembre-2016. (accessed 01.07.19.). 2 In the same way, in Mexico as reported by the Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad de la Universidad Nacional Auto ´noma de Me ´xico around 35 social-environmental conflicts have relation with energy projects. Observatorio Socioambiental de la Unio ´n de Cientı ´ficos Comprometidos con la Sociedad y del Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad de la Universidad Nacional Auto ´noma de Me ´xico (OSA-UNAM), 2019. Available from: ,http://osa.fisica. unam.mx/. (accessed 01.07.19.). 331 The Regulation and Policy of Latin American Energy Transitions DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819521-5.00019-X © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.