© Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2021, Office 415, The Workstation, 15 Paternoster Row, Sheffield, S1 2BX
IR 23.3 (2020) 293–304 Implicit Religion (print) ISSN 1463-9955
https://doi.org/10.1558/imre.41249 Implicit Religion (online) ISSN 1743-1697
Keywords: Religious Studies, political theology, methodology, family systems
Religious Studies and Internal Family Systems Therapy
MAXWELL KENNEL
McMaster University
max.kennel@gmail.com
Internal Family Systems (IFS) is a psychotherapy modality
that combines elements of systems theory with an experiential
approach that rests on distinctions between Self and parts
of self. Unlike more cognitive approaches such as Cognitive
Behavioural Terapy (CBT) and psychodynamic ‘talk’ therapies,
IFS challenges traditional divisions between mind and body that
have endured in both the treatment of psychological trauma and
in the study of religion. Tis essay provides a summary of IFS
as it is conceptualized by Richard Schwartz, Martha Sweezy, and
Frank Anderson, and then critically identifes several signifcant
religious resonances in its approach to mediating between a
stable ‘Self’ and parts of self that are partitioned by traumatic or
overwhelming experiences. I conclude with the suggestion that the
IFS approach to therapy and the discipline of Religious Studies
mutually illuminate and challenge each other in their overlapping
approaches to the problems of value-neutrality and normativity.
Introduction
Many psychotherapy modalities are currently available to help counselors
and therapists conceptualize their work and plan their treatment of clients.
Major western approaches include Cognitive Behavioural Terapy (CBT),
Emotion Focused Terapy (EF T), Acceptance and Commitment Ter-
apy (ACT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Terapy
(EMDR), Dialectical Behavioural Terapy (DBT), and various Psycho-
dynamic techniques that continue the legacy of psychoanalysis. However,
another approach has become increasingly popular in the feld since it
was frst conceived by Richard C. Schwartz in the 1980s. Described as
“integrative” and “nonpathological,” early Internal Family Systems therapy
brought insights from Family Systems theory into the realm of the self
by understanding the self as profoundly multiple (Engler 2013, xvii-xxvii;
Minor 2016). One major and recent introduction to IFS therapy describes