1 Occupational Health and Safety of Oil Palm Plantation In Indonesia By Abdu Nafan Aisul Muhlis (Neptun Code: O8BTXH) ABSTRACT Oil palm plantation is the leading industry in Indonesia with the world’s highest exports. Despite massive growth in business, inadequate implementation of workplace safety results in lost productivity and give negative health impact to the workers. Workplace hazards identified include heat stress, awkward movement resulting in musculoskeletal disorders, pesticides exposures, mental health disorders, and threats to tropical infections. The further preventive program should be applied, such as transforming from manual to automation work activities, improved extensive health and safety training, monitoring the compliance of personal protective equipment use, ensuring employee social security by registering for health insurance, and enforcing safety measures due to chemical use in plantations. Keywords: Oil palm plantation, Occupational health and safety, Indonesia INTRODUCTION OF THE INDUSTRY Indonesia is the largest producer of palm oil in the world. Indonesia has produced 34,5 million tons of palm in 2016 and exported 25,1 million tons. The total oil palm planted area is reported to be around 12 million hectares and it is projected that 13 million hectares will be planted by 2020.[1] Palm oil is also the main agricultural export in Indonesia, which in 2010 accounted for USD 15.2 billion or 1,4% of Gross Domestic Product with more than five million employees are hired for this industry. The rapid growth in oil palm industry cost natural forests replaced by commercial oil palm plantation.[2] The rate of deforestation is 0.6% annually. Indonesia plans to massively invest in new oil palm plantations in Kalimantan provinces (Borneo) and is expected to double its palm oil planted area by 2020.[3] Palm oil has been used to produced biofuels in the last few years in the quest for a renewable energy source. The palm oil industry has intensive labour and little mechanization in the Indonesian industries, which tend to rely on low-paid workers. In Indonesia, people migrate from other regions of the country to work in oil palm plantations, with low wages, unsafe jobs and hazardous working conditions.[1] Palm oil passed through a series of production processes, each of which adds values to palm oils, before reaching consumers. These operations can be divided into segments: upstream, midstream and downstream stage. Upstream production includes a range of activities that generate crude palm oil from primary inputs that are cultivated through hatchery and plantation then oil extraction via mills and