Int J Health Life Sci. 2018 July; 4(2):e86087.
Published online 2018 November 10.
doi: 10.5812/ijhls.86087.
Research Article
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Fatty Acid Content of Meat Products
in Kermanshah
Yahya Pasdar
1
, Akbar Barzegar
2, *
, Hamed Soleymani
3
, Abbas Hemati Azandaryani
4
and Mitra
Darbandi
3
1
Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
2
Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
3
Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
4
Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
*
Corresponding author: Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Email:
barzegarakbar@gmail.com
Received 2018 November 05; Accepted 2018 November 05.
Abstract
Background: One of the main nutritionally important food compositions is fat and fatty acid. High levels of some fats leave irre-
versible effects on community health in the long term. The present study was conducted to determine the amount of fatty acids in
meat products.
Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, eight types of meat products available on the market were investigated because of
their importance, including kebab, hamburger, sausage, red meat, chicken and canned tuna. For the greater accuracy of the results,
three fresh samples were prepared from each product and tests were repeated. Fatty acids were extracted from oils by Folch method,
and purified following extraction and methylation by AOCS method. Samples obtained were analyzed in a gas chromatography
device.
Results: The most frequent saturated fatty acids were palmitic and stearic acids in burgers, and palmitic and caproic acids in salami
and canned tuna. The most frequent trans-fatty acid (elaidic acid) was found in burgers (15.98 ± 4.69 %). The most frequent saturated
fatty acid (SFA) was found in burgers with 62%, which was significantly higher than canned tuna and salami (P = 0.012). The highest
level of PUFA was observed in canned tuna (28.6%) and the lowest in burgers (4.6%) (P < 0.001). The ratio of PUFA/MUFA varied from
0.15% in burgers to 1.08% in canned fish (P < 0.001). The ratio of PUFA/SFA was favorable in salami and tuna, but low in burgers
(0.07%). The ratios of PUFA/MUFA and PUFA/SFA were different in three groups of protein content foods (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The study revealed that burgers contained higher SFA and TFA levels and lower and PUFA/SFA ratio compare to other
studied food groups. Including fatty acids content mainly TFA and SFAs on food labeling highly recommended to improve public
nutritional knowledge for choosing safe foods.
Keywords: Saturated Fatty Acid, Unsaturated Fatty Acid, Meat Products, Gas Chromatography
1. Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of
mortality in the world, and their modifiable risk factors
include the lack of regular exercise, unhealthy diet, and
smoking (1). There is evidence that increased intake of di-
etary fat, especially saturated fatty acids (SFA) increases the
risk of CVDs through increased LDL (2, 3). Excessive intake
of trans-fatty acids (TFA), more than 4% to 6% of total en-
ergy intake increases LDL-C and reduces HDL-C (4).
A meta-analysis estimated that that an isocaloric sub-
stitution of 2% of the total energy intake (E%) of carbohy-
drates with TFA corresponds to a 23% increase in the risk of
CVDs (5).
Fat and its building block, fatty acid, are a vital
macronutrient (6). Fatty acids have key metabolic roles
in the body. PUFA, especially omega 3 and 6 series are
very important for biological activities and human health
(7). Although humans cannot synthesize any of PUFAs’
omega 3 and 6, they become unsaturated and elongated in
the human body, consequently, omega 6 turns to arachi-
donic acid and omega 3 becomes EPA and DHA, and thus
they have been introduced as EFA (8). EPA and DHA have
been known as protective factors against heart attacks, de-
pression, cancer, and anti-inflammatory in patients with
rheumatoid arthritis (9). Type and amount of fatty acids
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