Main Points
• 34% of Pakistani youth is severely or moderately addicted to internet misuse.
• Internet addiction is signifcantly and positively associated with cyber aggression and displaced ag-
gression.
• Internet addiction, cyber aggression, angry rumination, and displaced aggression vary with gender,
and internet obsession is higher in males than in females.
• It is recommended that parents and teachers should be involved in counseling of negative inter-
net-addicted youngsters and should be encouraged to develop other positive interests and in outdoor
activities.
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association of internet addiction with cyber aggression and displaced aggression
among 513 (173 boys and 338 girls) Pakistani preteens and teenagers. The participants were randomly selected
to complete a survey based on validated instruments, internet addiction test, cyber aggression questionnaire for
adolescent, and displaced aggression questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation coefcients, one-way analysis of vari-
ance, and independent sample t-test were run to scrutinize hypothesis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences
version 20 (IBM SPSS Corp.; Armonk, NY, USA). The results revealed that 34% of the youth was severely or mod-
erately addicted to internet misuse. Furthermore, fndings demonstrated that internet addiction is signifcantly
and positively associated with cyber aggression and displaced aggression. Results also highlighted that internet
addiction, cyber aggression, angry rumination, and displaced aggression vary with sex, and internet obsession is
higher in boys than in girls. Implications of these results were discussed and some recommendations suggested.
Keywords: Internet addiction, cyber aggression, displaced aggression, preteens and teenagers, angry rumi-
nation, revenge planning
Internet Addiction as a Precursor for Cyber and
Displaced Aggression: A Survey Study on
Pakistani Youth
ORCID iDs of the authors: S.S. 0000-0002-4001-5181; A.B.K. 0000-0002-9953-4461; U.N.S. 0000-0002-8976-8598.
73 DOI: 10.5152/ADDICTA.2021.20099
Cite this article as: Siddiqui, S., Kazmi, A., B., & Siddiqui U., N. (2021). Internet Addiction as a precursor for cyber and displaced aggression: A survey
study on Pakistani youth. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 8(1), 73-80.
Sohni Siddiqui
1
, Anjum Bano Kazmi
2
, Ume Nabeela Siddiqui
2
1
Technical University, Berlin, Germany
2
Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan
Corresponding author:
Sohni Siddiqui
E-mail:
zahid.sohni@gmail.com
Received: December 21, 2020
Revision: February 10, 2021
©Copyright by 2021 Türkiye
Yeşilay Cemiyeti (Turkish
Green Crescent Society) -
Available online at www.
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Introduction
In Pakistan, the use of internet as a mode of com-
munication started in the early 1990s, and since then
the industry of information and communication
technology is among the most rapidly progressing
industries in the country. In 2012, Pakistan was at
the top 20
th
position in the world in terms of inter-
net users (Stats I. L., 2019). Internet world statistics
has reported that the number of people using the
internet in Pakistan in 2017 was 44,608,065, which
was approximately 22% of the population (Stats,
2019). In April 2019, the number of broadband users
rose to 69,577,621, which makes up 33% of the pop-
ulation (Authority, 2019) and established Pakistan
at the 27
th
position for global internet usage (Pak-
wired, 2019).
Google carried a survey to highlight trends of dig-
ital media consumption among the 7 metropolitan
cities of Pakistan and found approximately 70% of
the people usually log on to internet sites for recre-
ational purposes. Furthermore, it found that an av-
erage of 2.5 hours on working days and 3.5 hours on
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
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