ACADEMIA Letters
Ecosystem Restoration: Only way for the Mitigation and
Management of Pandemics
Misha Roy
Human activities have changed the planet and lead to the birth of a new era which is known
as the “Anthropocene”. Changes in land use have lead humans to closer contact with the
pathogens of zoonotic diseases, including new strains of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Zoonotic
diseases are the infectious diseases that are caused by pathogens that migrate from wilds to
human either through direct transmission or through hosts such as insects, which carries the
pathogen without themselves getting infected. In addition to the present SARS-CoV-2 virus
causing the global Covid-19 pandemic, several other zoonoses caused several deadly epi-
demics and pandemics in the past few decades, such as the Bubonic plague, H1N1 Infuenza
(Swine Flu); H5N1 Infuenza (Avian Infuenza or Bird fu); Zika Virus; Ebola Virus; Rift Val-
ley fever (RVF); African sleeping sickness (sleeping sickness); Acquired immunodefciency
syndrome (AIDS); Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East Res-
piratory Syndrome (MERS). Zoonotic diseases can be classifed according to the ecosystem
in which they circulate. They are classifed into synanthropic zoonoses and exoanthropic
zoonoses. Synanthropic Zoonoses prevailed in the urban cycle and the sources of infection
are domestic and synanthropic animals. Examples include rabies, zoonotic ringworm, etc.
Exoanthropic zoonosis prevails both in feral and wild cycles and the source of infection is
outside human habitats. Examples include Lyme disease, tularemia, etc. There is also an-
other category of zoonoses that can prevail both in wild and urban cycles. The best example
is that causing yellow fever. Another category of zoonoses is Sapronoses responsible for
human diseases transmissible from an abiotic environment. Sapronotic agents carry on two
lifecycles one is in the abiotic substrate which is known as saprophytic lifecycle and another
parasitic lifecycle in the body of the homeotherm vertebrate host. Some important sapronoses,
like cholera and anthrax are capable of causing epidemics.
Academia Letters, July 2021
Corresponding Author: Misha Roy, misharoy.india@gmail.com
Citation: Roy, M. (2021). Ecosystem Restoration: Only way for the Mitigation and Management of Pandemics.
Academia Letters, Article 2383.
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©2021 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0