ELSEVIER Journal of Controlled Release 41 (1996) 157-162
journal of
controlled
release
Permeability studies across poly(alkylene carbonate) membranes
V.B. Pokharkar, S. Sivaram*
Division of Polymer Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Pane-411 008, India
Accepted 6 December 1995
Abstract
The maximum steady state flux, diffusion coefficients and solubilities of piroxicam, a water insoluble drug and
theophylline, a water soluble drug in poly(alkylene carbonate)s of varying alkyl chain lengths were determined and compared
with poly(lactide)s. The permeabilities were found to be profoundly affected by the nature of the permeant as well as the
polymer properties. Comparative studies in terms of overall performance with other well known systems revealed that
poly(alkylene carbonate)s were more permeable than glassy poly(lactide)s and thus show potential as carriers in polymeric
drug delivery systems.
Keywords: Poly(alkylene carbonate); Permeability coefficient; Diffusivity; Piroxicam; Theophylline
I. Introduction
Polymeric materials play an important role in
controlling solute diffusion rates in drug delivery
systems. Evaluation of model permeation studies
using synthetic membranes elucidates the basic
diffusion mechanism and allows optimization of drug
delivery system design. Most of the membrane
permeation studies have been conducted using
silicone polymers [1-4]. However, in recent years
greater attention has been devoted to the use of
biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, especial-
ly, for parenteral drug delivery systems which do not
need the surgical removal of the depleted device.
Various biodegradable polymers such as polyesters,
polyanhydrides and polyorthoesters have been
studied. However, the mechanism of drug permea-
tion across membranes has been reported only in the
*Corresponding author.
case of polyesters, e.g. poly(lactide)s, poly-
(glycolide)s and poly(e-caprolactone) [5].
Permeation of solute through a membrane is a
complex phenomena determined by a combination of
factors. Since Fickian diffusion is usually the gov-
erning mechanism for membrane moderated con-
trolled drug release devices, the solubility of drug in
polymeric membranes is of great importance. There-
fore, the lipophilicty or hydrophilicity of the polymer
membrane plays a major role. In accordance with
Fick's law of diffusion, a variation in drug solubility,
resulting from a change in polymer lipophilicity will
lead to a change in the concentration gradient across
membrane resulting in the modification of drug
permeation rate.
In this paper, we report the permeabilities of
medium molecular weight drugs across aliphatic
polycarbonate, or, poly(alkylene carbonate) mem-
branes. The objective of this study was to determine
the basic permeability characteristics of the poly-
(alkylene carbonate) membranes in water at 37°C and
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