Influence of Approaching Angle and Cutting Parameters on Cutting Forces, Tool Tip Temperature and Surface Roughness During Turning of Adamite Suresh Dhiman*, S.K.Sharma**, Rakesh Sehgal***· *, Vishal S. Shama**** * Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT, .Kurukshetra-136 119 (Haryana), India ** Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT, Kurukshetra-136 119 (Haryana), India *** Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT, Hamirpur-177 005 (H.P.), India **** Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering, NIT, Jalandhar-144 Oil (Punjab), India ABSTRACT In this paper, an attempt has been made to experimentally investigate the effect of approaching angle and cutting parameters on cutting force components, tool tip temperature and surface roughness. Non-machining test such as chemical composition, hardness and microstructure have also been carried out. While machining adamite a total of 64 experiments have been conducted with coated carbide inserts. Adamite is a high carbon steel containing more than 1.7% C by weight and is used as roll-mill roll material. During the experiments, three variables (out of the total four such as cutting speed, depth of cut, feed and approaching angle) are kept constant and the fourth variable is varied to investigate the effect of the same on cutting force components, temperature variations on tool tip and surface roughness of the workpiece. It is found that radial thrust force is the largest among the three cutting force components in case of turning a hard material like adamite. For machining of adamite at higher spindle speeds (775- 1200 rpm), doc (1.5 mm) and feed rates (0.21- 0.27 mm/rev), the optimized/most suitable value of approaching angle is 90°. Key words: Approaching angle; Cutting forces (F c , F f and F p ); Tool tip temperature; Surface roughness (Ra). " Corresponding author; e-mail: rsehgal@nitham.ac.in 1. INTRODUCTION The economic importance of metal cutting using machine tools cannot be underestimated as the rapidly growing global competition in the market has forced manufacturers to focus on automation of machining processes and maximization of productivity and quality. It is important to have reliable machinability data to ensure lower production cost. Today in industrialized countries, the cost of machining amounts to more than 15% of the value of all manufactured products in those countries /l/. There has been significant research in machining force control over the past few decades due to potential economic benefits of the technology. Machining force processes are known to vary greatly as process parameters (e.g. spindle speed, feed and depth of cut) change. Machining force regulation provides significant benefits in productivity and part quality 121. The importance of monitoring the cutting force in turning has been well recognized in machine tool communities. The normal cutting force, which is usually the largest among the three cutting force components, is typically cited as the most important signal to monitor III. Cutting forces reduce with increasing speed, due to thermal effect getting into. Material gets softened at the cutting wedge. The forces generated during the machining process can lead to premature tool failure, 85