451
0894-9840/03/0400-0451/0 © 2003 Plenum Publishing Corporation
Journal of Theoretical Probability, Vol. 16, No. 2, April 2003 (© 2003)
Besov Regularity of Stochastic Integrals with Respect
to the Fractional Brownian Motion with Parameter
H > 1/2
David Nualart
1
and Youssef Ouknine
2
1
Facultat de Matemàtiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Gran Via Corts Catalanes 585, 08007
Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: nualart@mat.ub.es
2
Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Département de Mathématiques, Université Cadi Ayyad,
BP 2390, Marrakech, Morocco.
Received November 8, 2001; revised May 3, 2002
Let {B
t
,t ¥ [0, 1]} be a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H>
1
2
.
Using the techniques of the Malliavin calculus we show that the trajectories of
the indefinite divergence integral >
t
0
u
s
dB
s
belong to the Besov space B
a
p, q
for all
q \ 1,
1
p
< a <H, provided the integrand u belongs to the space L
p, 1
. Moreover,
if u is bounded and belongs to L
d,2
for some even integer p \ 2 and for some
d large enough, then the trajectories of the indefinite divergence integral
>
t
0
u
s
dB
s
belong to the Besov space B
H
p, .
.
KEY WORDS: Fractional Brownian motion; stochastic integrals; Malliavin
calculus.
1. INTRODUCTION
Let B={B
t
,t ¥ [0, 1]} be a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst
parameter H. If H ]
1
2
, the process B is not a semimartingale and we
cannot apply the stochastic calculus developed by Ito ˆ in order to define
stochastic integrals with respect to B. Different approaches have been used
in order to define stochastic integrals >
t
0
u
s
dB
s
. From E |B
t
-B
s
|
2
=|t - s|
2H
it follows that B has a-Hölder continuous paths for all a <H. As a conse-
quence, if the process u has b-Hölder continuous paths with a+b >1, then
we can define the pathwise integral >
t
0
u
s
dB
s
using Young’s approach (see
Ref. 24).