BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 9, September 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 4004-4009 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210910 Milk production and quality of Etawa crossbreed dairy goat that given Tithonia diversifolia, corn waste and concentrate based palm kernel cake ARIEF ♥ , RUSDIMANSYAH, SIMEL SOWMEN, RONI PAZLA, RIZQAN Department of Livestock Production, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Andalas. Jl. Raya Unand, Limau Manis, Padang 25146, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Tel.: +62-751-71464,  email: aarief@ansci.unand.ac.id Manuscript received: 27 May 2020. Revision accepted: 8 August 2020. Abstract. Arief, Rudimansyah, Sowmen S, Rizqan RP. 2020. Milk production and quality of Etawa crossbreed dairy goat that given Tithonia diversifolia, corn waste and concentrate based palm kernel cake. Biodiversitas 21: 4004-4009. The research aims to evaluate the production and quality of goat milk of Etawa crossbreed dairy goat (ECDG) which is fed by Tithonia diversifolia (T), corn waste (CW), and concentrate-based palm kernel cake (CBP),. The experimental design used in this study was a completely random design (CRD) with four times treatment rations and five times replications. There are five treatments used in this research which are; treatment A used 60 % T + 40 % tofu-dregs; B used 60 % T + 20% tofu-dregs + 20% CBP; C used 45 % T + 15% CW + 20% tofu-dregs + 20% CBP; D used 30 % T + 30% CW + 20% tofu-dregs + 20% CBP. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for further tests. The parameters measured were milk production and milk quality, which covers dry matter, water content, protein, fat, solid non-fat, and lactose. The result showed that the treatment gave no significant effect (P> 0.05) of milk production, dry matter, protein, fat, solid non-fat, and lactose. The study concluded that the use of T. diversifolia, corn-waste, and CBP could maintain milk production quality. Keywords: Concentrate, corn waste, Etawa, milk production, quality, Tithonia diversifolia INTRODUCTION Milk is the secreted fluid of the mammary glands of female mammals. It contains almost all the nutrients needed for their daily needs such as protein, glucose, fat, etc. Goat is one of the domesticated animals for milk production and human benefits since 8,000 BC (Sepe and Arguello 2019). In Indonesia, the price of goat milk per liter is far more expensive than cows. One liter of goat milk reaches Rp. 60.000 while cows milk (fresh milk) is only Rp.12.000. This price difference is due to the quality of goat milk is better than cows milk. The quality of milk can be seen from the value of protein, fat, and minerals found in milk. Medium Chain Triglycerides, more in goat milk, have been recognized as lipids with unique health benefits. The soft curd of goat milk may be an advantage for adult humans suffering from gastrointestinal disturbances and ulcers. Goat milk is recommended for infants, old and convalescent people. The consumer acceptance of goat milk and its products is reported to be excellent (Bhattarai 2014). The Etawa Crossbreed Dairy Goat (ECDG) is one of the most numerous milk-producing goats in Indonesia. ECDG is an indigenous livestock goat of Indonesia, especially for dairy goats. ECDG comes from the crossing of Etawa goats from India with local Indonesian goats, namely "Kacang Goat". The ECDG is alternative livestock to meet the milk needs of the community aside from dairy cows. Several studies have been carried out stating that goat milk is quite popular; this is caused by the fat globules found in goat milk having a smaller and homogeneous size (Arief et al. 2018a). The quality of milk produced from these goats fluctuates according to the type of feed given. ECDG fed with forage (Pennisetum purpureum and Calliandra calothyrsus) and concentrates that was formulated of wheat pollard, copra meal, soybean meal, corn bran, and minerals produce a milk protein value of 3.64% and milk fat of 5.80% (Suranindyah et al. 2018). whereas ECDG is fed from palm kernel cake, palm oil sludge, corn, rice bran, coconut meal, and mineral produce a milk protein value of 4.26% and milk fat of 5.45% (Arief et al. 2018a). Differences in the amount of fat and protein content of goat milk also result in differences in prices on the market. The higher the fat content and protein of goat's milk, the price will increase. Milk quality is very dependent on the type of feed used in dairy farming. Generally, farmers in developing countries have minimal sources of feed for their domestic animals. Limited sources of forage or field grass originating from the surrounding environment with low nutritional quality affect productivity. The source of feed used by farmers is usually challenging to digest. It has a low protein content, so it is significant to improve the quality of feed and explore new kind feed sources to increase the quality of milk. Tithonia diversifolia and corn waste are an alternative forage feed besides grass for dairy goats, which are abundant and have good nutrition content. Arief et al. (2018b) reported In West Sumatra, Indonesia; T. diversifolia can produce 30 t of fresh material or 6 t of dry matter per year in a land area of approximately 1/5 ha. The