Global Veterinaria 12 (5): 687-691, 2014 ISSN 1992-6197 © IDOSI Publications, 2014 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.gv.2014.12.05.8392 Corresponding Author: Mohamed Tharwat, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia. 687 Computed Tomographic Findings in Calves with Head Affections Mohamed Tharwat, Lamiaa Selim, Tetsuya Nakade and Shin Oikawa 1 2 3 4 Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt 1 Department of Natural Sciences, Deanship for Educational Services, 2 Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology Section, 3 School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midori, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan Department of Veterinary Herd Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, 4 Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midori, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan Abstract: In this study, three calves with hydrocephalus, cerebellar hypoplasia and otitis media were examined by computed tomography (CT). In the 3 calves, hematology and serum chemistry profiles were performed. CT imaging of the skull was performed under deep sedation. In the calf with hydrocephalus, CT images showed bilateral ventriculomegaly and a cyst-like intracranial hypodense lesion. The calf died 12 hr after admission to the hospital. Postmortem examination showed an enlarged and soft cranium, distended ventricles with cerebrospinal fluid and thinned cerebral tissue. In the calf with cerebellar hypoplasia, CT examination showed a decreased cerebellar size. Based on the owner’s request, the calf was euthansed 24 hr after admission. On postmortem examination, the cerebellum was very small, tough and leathery. In the calf with otitis media, CT examination revealed a large, irregular, diffuse para-aural soft tissue swelling with multiple calcifications of the wall of the right external ear canal, enlargement of the tympanic bulla with soft tissue obliteration and osteolysis of the tympanic bulla wall and petrous bone. CT examination of the calves with head affections indicated that the procedure is an effective non-invasive means of identifying head lesions in these animals. Key words: Calves Computed Tomography Hydrocephalus Otitis Media Cerebellar Hypoplasia INTRODUCTION Also CT has become increasingly important in Computed tomography (CT) is essentially cross- companion and production animals [4-13]. There are sectional images, with image production being a numerous reports on the diagnostic value of CT in small function of the absorption of x-ray photons by animal practice, but there are comparatively few published tissues. In contrast to radiography, individual structures reports on the use of CT in cattle [10, 13, 14]. This paper can be imaged without overlap of other tissues and describes the CT findings in three Holstein calves with internal soft tissue architecture is visible. In these days, hydrocephalus (case 1), hypoplasia of the cerebellum CT is increasingly being used in veterinary diagnosis due (case 2) and otitis media (Case 3). to greater accessibility of the equipment, advances in treatment options and increase of owner expectations. MATERIALS AND METHODS However, CT is an expensive procedure that requires careful patient selection and should be used to Calves and CT Protocol: The three calves were examined supplement, rather than replace, conventional diagnostic at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Rakuno Gakuen tools [1-3]. University, Hokkaido, Japan. The calves were maintained veterinary medicine for the diagnosis of disorders in both