European Journal of Radiology Extra 66 (2008) e55–e57
The intravertebral vacuum phenomenon
Erhan Akpinar, Baris Turkbey
*
, Bagdat Medeyev,
Munci Oran
Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology,
Ankara, Turkey
Received 12 February 2008; accepted 21 February 2008
Abstract
Vertebral vacuum sign is an uncommon finding, which can easily mimic the air within the disc and can be overlooked. We present
a case of intravertebral vacuum phenomenon with exquisite multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging find-
ings.
© 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Trauma; Spine; Intravertebral vacuum sign; CT; MRI
1. Introduction
The vacuum phenomenon appears as a radiolucent area vis-
ible in synovial joints, intervertebral disks, and vertebrae [1].
This phenomenon is explained by gas accumulation, mostly
nitrogen, produced by the surrounding soft tissues [2]. The
intravertebral vacuum phenomenon, also termed “intravertebral
vacuum cleft,” is an uncommon finding. Although the cleft is,
in fact, filled with gas, the term “vacuum phenomenon” has
become universally accepted [3]. The aim of this paper is to
present the multislice computed tomography and magnetic res-
onance imaging findings of intravertebral vacuum sign in a
patient with acute osteoporotic traumatic vertebral compression
fracture.
2. Case report
A 74-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with his-
tory of trauma, abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction. Her
past medical history was unremarkable except hypertension
and osteoporosis. Physical examination revealed generalized
*
Corresponding author at: HUTF Radyoloji AD, Sihhiye 06100, Ankara,
Turkey. Tel.: +90 3123051188; fax: +90 3123112145.
E-mail address: bturkbey@yahoo.com (B. Turkbey).
abdominal tenderness. She was hemodynamically stable with
blood pressure of 160/95 mmHg, pulse 84 bpm, respiratory
rate 18/min and oxygen saturation 95%. Patient’s laboratory
workup was normal. Abdominal X-ray obtained in the supine
position and abdominal ultrasound (US) examinations were
normal. For further evaluation contrast-enhanced abdominal
multislice CT examination was performed (3 mm slice thick-
ness with 1.5 mm reconstruction increment). CT demonstrated
a burst fracture of L1 vertebral body, paravertrebral hem-
orrhage and air within the vertebral body consistent with
intravertebral vacuum sign. Additionally the anteroposterior
diameter of spinal canal at this level was found to be nar-
rowed (Fig. 1). In order to clarify a possible spinal cord
injury, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done. MRI con-
firmed the CT findings, but no spinal cord injury was depicted
(Fig. 2). An intervention was not planned for the burst fracture;
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug therapy and elec-
trolyte replacement were given. The symptoms of the patient
resolved and she was discharged after 5 days of hospitaliza-
tion.
3. Discussion
The mechanism of gas accumulation within the vertebral
body is poorly known [3]. The main hypothesis is the ischemic
theory. Maldague reported the association between the pres-
1571-4675/$ – see front matter © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.ejrex.2008.02.006