DRINKING WATER TREATMENT: A NEURAL NETWORK MODEL
FOR COAGULATION DOSING
B. Lamrini*٫ A. Benhammou*, A. Karama* and M-V. Le Lann**
* Laboratoire d’Automatique et d’Etude des Procédés, Faculty of Sciences
Semlalia, PoBox:2390‚ 40000-Marrakech, Morocco
E-mail :{lamrin.b, benhammou, karama@ucam.ac.ma}
** LAAS/CNRS‚ 7, Avenue du Colonel Roche‚ 31077-Toulouse cedex 4, France
and INSA, DGEI, 135,Avenue de Rangueil, 31077-Toulouse cedex 4, France
E-mail: mvlelann@laas.fr
All correspondence should be addressed to: benhammou@ucam.ac.ma
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present the development and validation of a
neural network model for on-line prediction of coagulant dosage from raw water
characteristics. The main parameters influencing the coagulant dosage are firstly
determined via a PCA. A brief description of the methodology used for the
synthesis of neural models is given and experimental results are included. The
training of the neural network is performed using the Weight Decay regularization
in combination with Levenberg-Marquardt method. The simulation results of
neural model compared to a linear regression model are illustrated with real data.
Copyright © 2005 IFAC
Keywords: Coagulation process; drinking water treatment; neural networks;
weight decay regularization.
1. INTRODUCTION
The use of artificial neural networks for process
modelling and control in the drinking water
treatment is currently on the rise and is considered to
be a key area of research. The coagulation process
which requires the addition of chemical coagulant is
the critical process in the drinking water treatment.
The control of a good coagulation is essential for
maintenance of satisfactory treated water quality and
economic plant operation. Basically, coagulant
dosage is chosen empirically by operators based on
their past experience, laboratory jar-testing and
various information on water quality parameters.
The jar-test apparatus simulates mixing, flocculation,
setting, and a single test may take about one hour to
be performed. Disadvantages associated with jar-
testing are that regular samples have to be taken
requiring manual intervention and operators can
make manually in raw water quality. There is no
mechanistic model describing the coagulant dosage
related to the different variables affecting the
process. Consequently, there is a need for a fast and
reliable method for determining the required
coagulant rate which can be used instead of the jar-
test analysis.
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the utility
of artificial neural networks in drinking water
treatment in particular coagulation modelling and
control. Process data can be used directly to
represent input-output process relationships. Neural
networks proved to be extremely flexible in
representing complex non-linear relationships
between many different process variables (Cybenko,
1989). They do not require any a priori precise
knowledge on the relationships of the process
variables. Various applications of these models
have been recently