Salma A.O Saleh et al., Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci., 2020, 11(3), 4963-4976 ORIGINAL ARTICLE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Published by JK Welfare & Pharmascope Foundation Journal Home Page: www.pharmascope.org/ijrps Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity of Red Sea Hyrtios erectus sponge and micro-organisms Extracts Faten A. S. Alsulaimany 1 , Salma A.O. Saleh *1 , Mahmoud A. Elfaky 2 , Sameh S. Elhady 2 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King AbdulazizUniversity,Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia Article History: Received on: 24 May 2020 Revised on: 25 Jun 2020 Accepted on: 29 Jun 2020 Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Marine organisms, Marine microorganisms, Actinomycetes, Fungi, Hyrtios erectus sponge, Stylissa carteri sponge ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori were considered one of the most bacterial infections in the world. Recently, the resistance of antibiotic against H. pylori is increas- ing and hence, it is necessary to ϑind new and natural effective agents. Marine organisms and microorganism produce complex secondary metabolites and some of these compounds are antimicrobials agents. This study aimed to pro- vide preliminary data to determine if marine Hyrtios erectus sponge, actino- mycetes, and fungi extracts can inhibit the growth of H. pylori. In this study, the methanol extracts of the three samples of Hyrtios erectus sponge and the ethyl acetate extracts of seven actinomycetes strains and four fungi strains were used to determine the antibacterial effect against a standard strain of H. pylori. The samples of actinomycetes and fungi were identiϑied by using 16S rRNA ampliϑication for actinomycetes and Internal Transcribed Spacer- PCR for fungi using Genetic Analyzer 3500, and then the DNA sequences were compared through BLAST and alignment with other actinomycetes and fungi which already present in the GenBank from various study areas. Results indi- cated that the anti-H. pylori screening showed that only 13 from 14 extracts exhibited anti-H. pylori effect. Among them, the methanol extract of Hyrtios erectus (1), the ethyl acetate extract of actinomycete strain S7 and the ethyl acetate extracts of fungi strains M1, M2, M3, M4 exhibited strong effect against H. pylori more than other extract with minimal inhibitory concentrations 3.9, 15.63, 3.9, 15.63, 3.9 and 7.81 μg/ml, respectively. The 16S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene sequences and phylogenetic analysis provided strong evidence for the isolates of actinomycetes and fungi, respectively. The actinomycetes were identiϑied as seven species that belong to Streptomyces genus. The fungi iso- lates were identiϑied as three species that belong to Aspergillus genus and one species that belong to Penicillium genus. * Corresponding Author Name: Salma A.O. Saleh Phone: Email: Salma-alnoor@hotmail.com ISSN: 0975-7538 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2816 Production and Hosted by Pharmascope.org © 2020 | All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium (Oleastro and Ménard, 2013). H. pylori infect the stomach and duodenum mucus lining. It can penetrate the stomach mucous layer and then can be found in several locations such as overlying mucus gel, inside vacuoles or lies in the interface between the mucus gel and surface of the gastric epithelial cells (Karlık et al., 2009; Bakri, 2013). It inhibits the gastric epithelium mucosal layer (Abadi, 2014). This bacterium is only known as a micro- © International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 4963