International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 120 – No.4, June 2015 5 PDR And HOP Count based Routing for Efficient Energy Usage Akshay N. Paramane Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunications Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India S. B. Takale Assistant Professor Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunications Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India S. D. Lokhande, Ph.D Principal Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India ABSTRACT Wireless Communication has taken the vow of many applications in various areas. All the applications are used for special purpose, and thus the maintenance of energy efficient routing is one of the biggest problem and the most challenging task in recent days. In below mentioned methodology, path selection will be based on packet delivery ratio and Hop count. So the particular path, selected for the communication, will yield in maximum energy efficiency without changing any hardware parameters. Index terms PDR, Degree of Path Selection (DPS), nodes 1. INTRODUCTION The fullest demand of the future networks is speedily deployment of mobile nodes which are independent and which can interact with one another without the requirement of centralized and organized network infrastructure. This network order is put in a specific bunch beneath the classes of Ad-Hoc Networks. Since the nodes in a Ad-Hoc network are moving, the arrangement of various elements of a computer network may become different very drastically and unknowingly. When we say something about any network type, whether it is transfer of information between points that are connected or not connected by an electrical conductor, the most essential point that need to be solved is the energy efficiency of that network[1]. In data gathering data loss often happens due to external faults such as random link failures, hazard node faults, low packet delivery ratio and conjunction. Failing nodes alter the topology of the network resulting in segmented routing paths and lost messages, ultimately increasing energy consumption. The question of energy consumption itself has various looks, which vary from energy equired for single packet, energy lost in faults to the energy required for whole network. The energy consumption is hampered by many of the set of rules by bringing together mechanisms on many layers, right from the MAC layer up to the application layer[6]. The paper is organized as follows. In section II, Energy Conservation Issues. In section III , Energy calculations of network, Reliable Routing Protocol with numerical results. 2. ENERGY CONSERVATION ISSUES AND CHALLENGES The wireless communication nodes operate in the three states of sensing, computing and communications, and all of these consume energy. Out of the three modes, maximum energy is required for the communications. The sensing unit is responsible to detect the physical characteristics of the environment and has an energy consumption which depends on the hardware nature and applications. However, sensing requires very less energy of the entire energy consumption. In comparison, computations energy is much more. Communication unit uses short-range RF circuit to perform the transmission and reception[6]. Communication energy requires to data forwarding and it depends on the transmission range that increases with the signal propagation in an exponential way. The energy model includes the five stages: Transmission, Reception, Acquisition, Listen and Sleep[6]. 3. ENERGY CALCULATION OF NETWORK To minimize the energy usage of the network, it is very important to study the factors, which affects the energy usage of the network. If we assume that there is only one data flow in the network, then energy required for whole communication is directly proportional to the number of transmissions. Number of transmissions can be calculated if we know the hop count and number of packets transmitted from source. Here, Unit energy required for a transmitting a packet from one node to another adjacent node is assumed to be same in all the scenarios Now total number of transmissions is a direct multiplication of number of packets sent and hop count, as we have assumed that there is only one transmission is going on. As we know Packet Delivery ratio (PDR) =