Research Article
BandEst: Measurement-Based Available Bandwidth
Estimation and Flow Admission Control Algorithm for Ad Hoc
IEEE 802.15.4-Based Wireless Multimedia Networks
Muhammad Omer Farooq
1
and Thomas Kunz
2
1
Institute of Telematics, University of L¨ ubeck, Building 64, 2nd and 3rd Floor, Ratzerburger Allee 160, 23562 L¨ ubeck, Germany
2
Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6
Correspondence should be addressed to Muhammad Omer Farooq; farooq@itm.uni-luebeck.de
Received 25 June 2014; Revised 5 September 2014; Accepted 19 September 2014
Academic Editor: Chi Zhang
Copyright © 2015 M. O. Farooq and T. Kunz. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
We highlight diferent important factors that must be considered for an efective available-bandwidth-based fow admission control
algorithm in ad hoc wireless networks. Moreover, we present BandEst; it is a combination of a measurement-based available
bandwidth estimation technique and a fow admission control algorithm for ad hoc IEEE 802.15.4-based ad hoc networks that
considers the identifed factors. Extensive simulations are performed to compare BandEst with the state-of-the-art available-
bandwidth-based fow admission control algorithms for ad hoc wireless networks. Our simulation results demonstrate that BandEst
signifcantly outperforms the state-of-the-art available-bandwidth-based fow admission control algorithms for ad hoc wireless
networks.
1. Introduction
IEEE 802.15.4-based ad hoc wireless multimedia sensor
networks (WMSNs) are starting to emerge [1]. Typically,
these networks are deployed for visual surveillance [2] and
assisted living [3]. Te bandwidth supported by the IEEE
802.15.4 standard is limited and shared. Limited and shared
bandwidth imply that an IEEE 802.15.4-based ad hoc WMSN
can only accommodate a few fows inside the network.
A large number of fows inside the network (w.r.t. the
available resources, e.g., the available bandwidth) can cause
congestion. Terefore, a fow admission control algorithm is
required that limits the amount of data inside the network.
In ad hoc IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless networks, band-
width is a shared resource. Te common assumption is
that the bandwidth available to a node is shared within
the interference range of the node, and nodes within two
hops distance can cause interference [4]. We also hold this
assumption throughout the paper. Te shared nature of
the bandwidth in wireless networks results in the following
phenomenon: the data generation rate of nodes within
the interference range of a node inside a network afects (i)
the available bandwidth [5] and (ii) intra-fow and inter-fow
contention [5]. Furthermore, a MAC layer protocol dictates
the sharing of a communication medium; hence it limits the
amount of bandwidth available to a node, for example, in
a carrier sense multiple access collision avoidance (CSMA-
CA) MAC layer protocol a node can not transmit in a back-
of mode. Terefore, an efective available-bandwidth-based
fow admission control algorithm must take into account the
identifed factors.
Tis paper identifes the following: (i) the contention
count on a node which is not along the data forwarding
path, but is within the interference range of transmitters
along the data forwarding path, is a function of the number
of transmitters (along the data forwarding path) within the
interference range of the node, (ii) the maximum intra-fow
contention count on a node along the data forwarding path
is 5 times the fow’s required bandwidth, (iii) increased data
trafc inside a network increases the CSMA-CA-based MAC
layer overhead, that is, mean back-of interval, mean number
of retransmissions, mean ACK waiting time, mean number
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
Volume 2015, Article ID 539048, 15 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/539048