Copyright © 2014 M. Berradi, A. El Harfi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License , which
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International Journal of Advanced Chemistry, 2 (2) (2014) 62-65
International Journal of Advanced Chemistry
Journal home page: www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJAC
doi: 10.14419/ijac.v2i2.2028
Research Paper
Purification of the textile finishing effluents by
the ultrafiltration technique
M. Berradi *, A. El Harfi
Laboratory of Polymers, Radiation and Environment (LPRE), Team of Organic Chemistry & Macromolecular (TOCM),
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences. Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14000 Morocco-BP133
*Corresponding author E-mail: mberradi24@gmail.com
Abstract
In the present paper, we synthesized, at first, an new permeable organic membrane based on a mixture of different percentages of pol-
ysulfone (PSU), 4,4-sulfoxylphenol S, expanded polystyrene in a solvent that is N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and at the end, we
treated the liquid effluents from the textile finishing industry by this membrane. The latter was characterized at the first step by the hy-
drodynamic conditions of the ultrafiltration technique and in a second step by microscopic tools. The achieved results concerning the
microscopic characterization of the synthesized membrane show that the chemical structure of the membrane is composed of three previ-
ous components (PSU/BS/PSe), but those related to wastewater treatment show that the rate of discoloration measured for the wastewater
charged with indigo is the order of 87.24% and measured for the black sulphur is the order of 64.04%.
Keywords: Permeable Organic Membrane, Ultrafiltration, Hydrodynamic and Microscopic Characterization.
1. Introduction
In recent years, the technology of organic membranes has experi-
enced significant progress in the fabrication of microfiltration;
ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis membrane and others (Venugopal
et al., 2012, p.37) have been used in various industrial processes
such as the purification of industrial wastewater, desalination of
sea water (Allali Hassani et al., 1990, p.699), (Plattes et al., 2007,
p. 613), the recovery of acid and dehydration of organic solvents,
etc. The exploitation of these membranes varies from one hand,
following the industrial process monitoring and the nature of the
effluent discharged by this method (Shimekit et al., 2009, p.115)
and on the other hand, according to the mechanical and chemical
properties of membranes used (Benavente et al., 2000, p.43),
(Buzatu et al., 2012, p. 421), and (Solaymani et al., 2012, p.217).
The objective of the present work in the first step is to synthesize a
new organic membrane based on a mixture of the Polysulfone
(PSU)/Bisphenol S (BS)/Expanded Polystyrene (PSe), and in the
second step is to apply the membrane obtained in the technique of
Ultrafiltration (UF) to treat effluents loaded with vat dyes (Indigo
and Black sulphur) rejected in an operating processes of dyeing
and finishing fiber cotton, which are intended for the manufacture
of Denim factories and also to decrease relatively this type of
waste.
2. Materials and methods
The obtained membrane was synthesized by mixing together in
mass polysulfone 13.5%, polystyrene 1%, 4, 4-sulfoxyldiphenol
0.5%, N; N-dimethylformamide (DMF) 85%, including their
chemical structures (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). The prepared mixture was
allowed to stir (using a magnetic stirrer) at a speed of 580 tr / min
for 45 min in a normal temperature and pressure. The collodion
obtained was spread on a glass plate using a glass rod. This plate
was immediately immersed in a water bath to obtain an asymmet-
ric membrane type phase inversion (Mulder et al., 1996) (Tsai et
al., 2006, p. 390).
After the optimization of the collodion and obtaining a semi-
permeable membrane, the latter was characterized respectively by
the microscopic properties (Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR),
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)) and morphological: Elec-
tron Microscopy (SEM), and then according to the hydrodynamic
properties (permeability and selectivity) by the ultrafiltration tech-
nique using distilled water as a permeate water at first and then as
a rejected model.
C
CH
3
CH
3
O S O
O
O
n
(a)
S
HO
O
O
OH
(b)
Fig. 1: Chemical structures of polysulfone (PSU) (a) and 4.4- sul-
foxyldiphénol S (b).