Research Article Evaluation of Male Fertility-Enhancing Activities of Water Seed Extract of Hunteria umbellata in Wistar Rats Adejuwon Adewale Adeneye , 1 Joseph Abayomi Olagunju, 2 and Babatunde Adekunle Murtala 3 1 Department of Pharmacology, Terapeutics & Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, 1-5 Oba Akinjobi Way, G.R.A, Ikeja 100001, Lagos, Nigeria 2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, 1-5 Oba Akinjobi Way, G.R.A, Ikeja 100001, Lagos, Nigeria 3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, 1-5 Oba Akinjobi Way, G.R.A, Ikeja 100001, Lagos, Nigeria Correspondence should be addressed to Adejuwon Adewale Adeneye; adeneye2001@yahoo.com Received 31 December 2018; Revised 15 April 2019; Accepted 14 July 2019; Published 14 August 2019 Guest Editor: Jos´ e C. T. Carvalho Copyright © 2019 Adejuwon Adewale Adeneye et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. In this study, the male fertility-enhancing activity of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day of Hunteria umbellata water seed extract (HU) in Wistar rats was studied for 60 days. In doing this, efect of repeated doses of HU was studied on the weight gain pattern, gonadosomatic index (GSI), serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (TS), prolactin (PRL), and estradiol (ES)} as well as testicular antioxidant status of the treated rats as a way of elucidating the mechanism(s) of action of HU. Method. Tirty-six (36) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (I-VI) of six rats per group. Group I rats were gavaged with 10 ml/kg/day of distilled water and served as an untreated control; Group II rats were gavaged with 0.3 mg/kg/day of clomiphene in distilled water; Groups III-V rats received 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day of HU, respectively, and Group VI rats received 20 mg/kg/day of Vitamin C all in distilled water. All treatments were for 60 days afer which the treated rats were humanely sacrifced. Sera of blood samples were processed for the above stated hormonal profle. Similarly, testicular tissues obtained were processed for semen analysis and complete antioxidant profle of the HU-treated testicles by assaying for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and Tiobarbituric Reactive Species (TBARS). Results. Prolonged treatments with 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day of HU for 60 days induced dose dependent reductions in weight gain pattern with the most signifcant (p<0.001) efect recorded with the highest dose of HU. Conversely, signifcant (p<0.001) increase was recorded for GSI at the same HU dose. Clomiphene and HU also induced signifcant (p<0.01, p<0.001) dose dependent increases in the total sperm count, %live sperm, but reverse efects on %dead sperm and %abnormal sperm. On the hormonal profle, oral treatment with 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day of the extract induced profound (p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001) dose related increases in the sera TS, LH, and FSH while it caused reverse efect on serum PRL but caused no signifcant alterations in the serum ES levels. Similarly, oral treatment with vitamin C and 100-400 mg/kg/day of HU induced profound (p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001) increases in the antioxidant enzyme activities. Conclusion. Overall, prolonged oral treatment with 100-400 mg/kg body weight of HU for 60 days signifcantly improved sperm function which was mediated via enhanced spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, and antioxidant mechanisms. 1. Background Infertility is a major public health issue afecting one out of fve every married couple worldwide, with approximately 30% of the condition attributable to male factors [1]. It is on records that several factors can interfere with the process of spermatogenesis and reduce sperm quantity and quality with some of the identifable causal factors being ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic liver diseases, cigarette smoking, agrochemical run-ofs, air pollutants, and Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2019, Article ID 7693010, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7693010