Research Article Evaluation of Anti-HIV-1 Integrase and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Compounds from Betula alnoides Buch-Ham Prapaporn Chaniad , 1 Teeratad Sudsai, 1 Abdi Wira Septama, 2 Arnon Chukaew, 3 and Supinya Tewtrakul 4 1 School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si ammarat 80160, ailand 2 Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan Puspitek Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia 3 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat ani 84100, ailand 4 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, ailand Correspondence should be addressed to Prapaporn Chaniad; prapaporn.ch@wu.ac.th Received 13 February 2019; Revised 28 April 2019; Accepted 8 May 2019; Published 2 June 2019 Academic Editor: P. Patrignani Copyright©2019PrapapornChaniadetal.isisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Betula alnoides is a medicinal plant in ai traditional longevity preparations. e crude extracts of this plant possess various biological activities. However, the isolated compounds from this plant have no reports of anti-HIV-1 integrase (IN) activity. erefore, the present study aims to investigate the anti-HIV-1 integrase and anti-inflammatory effects of isolated compounds fromthisplantandpredicttheinteractionofcompoundswithintegraseactivesites.Fromthebioassay-guidedfractionationofthe ethanol extract of B. alnoides stems using chromatographic techniques, five pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds were obtained. eyarebetulinicacid( 1),betulin(2),lupeol(3),oleanolicacid(4),andursolicacid(5).Compound 2 exhibitedthemostpotent inhibitoryactivityagainstHIV-1IN,withanIC 50 valueof17.7 μM.PotentialinteractionsofcompoundswithINactivesiteswere investigated using computational docking. e results indicated that active compounds interacted with Asp64, a residue par- ticipating in 3′-processing, and r66, His67, and Lys159, residues participating in strand-transfer reactions of the integration process. Regarding anti-inflammatory activity, all compounds exerted significant inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide production (IC 50 < 68.7 μM). us, this research provides additional scientific support for the use of B. alnoides in traditional medicine for the treatment of HIV patients. 1. Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a major global public health crisis. In 2017, there were ap- proximately 36.9 million people living with HIV, with 1.8 millionpeoplebecomingnewlyinfectedand940,000people died from HIV-related causes globally [1]. e infection leads to a progressive immunodeficiency due to the de- pletion of CD4+ T-cells and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections as a result of their immunocom- promised state [2]. HIV infection is also associated with a rapid and intense release of a variety of cytokines, which is associated with relatively high levels of inflammation [3]. Integration of transcribed viral DNA into the host chro- mosomeismediatedbytheintegrase(IN)enzymewhichisa key enzyme for viral integration of the reverse-transcribed viralDNAintothehostcellgenome,anessentialstepinthe HIV life cycle [4]. e integration requires two catalytic reactions, referred to as 3′-processing and DNA strand transfer [5]. e full-length IN structure consists of three functionaldomains.eN-terminaldomain,residues1–51, contains a conserved HCCHZn 2+ -binding motif. e cata- lytic core domain, residues 52–210, contains the catalytic triad characterized by Asp64, Asp116, and Glu152. e C-terminal domain, residues 220–288, contributes to DNA binding [6]. Currently, only three IN inhibitors, Hindawi Advances in Pharmacological Sciences Volume 2019, Article ID 2573965, 11 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2573965