Article ISSN Online 0719-2479 - www.joralres.com © 2018 298 [Epub ahead of print] Clinical efficacy of nanosilver and chlorhexidine in the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Amani Al-sharani, 1 Waddah Al-Hajj 1 & Ahmed Madfa. 2,3 Affiliations: 1 Department of Biological and Preventive Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Sciences and Technology, Yemen. 2 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tamar University, Yemen. 3 Department Restorative and Prostho- dontic, College of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Yemen. Corresponding author: Amani Al-sharani. Department of Biological and Preventive Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Sciences and Technology, Sana, Yemen. Phone: (00967) 775200206. Ext: 410407. E-mail: aamanialsharani.aa@gmail.com Abstract: Aim: Te present study aimed to assess the clinical efcacy of nanosilver (NS) mouthwash and compared with chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash for the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis. Materials and methods: Sixty-two (28 males and 34 females) plaque-induced gingivitis patients were allocated into two groups and asked to rinse with 10ml of NS or CHX, immediately after brushing, for 1 min, in the morning and evening. Te plaque, gingival, and papilla bleeding indices were taken at baseline, two weeks, and fnally at four weeks for each patient. Te statistical analysis between and within groups were performed using Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test respectively. Result: Intergroup comparison by Mann-Whitney U-test showed no statistically signifcant di ferences in the investigated groups at the baseline for all studied parameters. At 2 and 4 weeks follow up, the CHX group showed statistically signi fcant lower plaque scores than the NS group ( p<0.05). However, there is no statistically signifcant diference between NS and CHX groups for gingival and papilla bleeding scores ( p>0.05). Both groups showed statistically signifcant reductions in plaque, gingival and papilla bleeding scores after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of product use when compared to baseline ( p<0.001). Conclusion: Both mouthwashes decreased plaque, gingival and papilla bleeding scores, however the reduction in plaque scores was higher for the CHX group compared to the NS group. Keywords: Dental plaque; gingivitis; antimicrobial mouthwash; nanosilver; chlorhexidine. INTRODUCTION. Te oral cavity represents an environment for the coloniza¬tion and growth of many microorganisms, particularly bacteria. 1 Tere are more than 600 bacterial species that colonize the mouth at a concentration of 10 8 –10 9 bacteria per ml of saliva or mg of dental plaque. 2 It is widely accepted in dentistry that dental plaque is a key etiological factor that causes gingivitis and initiates periodontal disease. 3 Dental plaque is a dynamic complex oral bioflm consisting of bacterial toxin and carbohydrate matrices which adhere to each other and to dental surfaces. 4 Destruction of the gingival tissues is caused by interaction of a infammatory process in the periodontal tissue and microorganisms in the dental plaque. 5 Te main objective of periodontal management is to establish Conflict of interests: Te authors declare no confict of interests. Ethics approval: Te study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at UST, Yemen (MECA No.: 2016/22). Funding: None. Authors’ contributions: Te manuscript was carried out, written, and approved in collaboration with all authors. Acknowledgements: Te authors would like to thank the managements of the College of Dentistry and Hospital of University of Science and Technology for their assistance and support. Cite as: Al-sharani A, Al-Hajj W & Madfa A. Clinical efcacy of nanosilver and chlorhexidine in the treatment of plaque-induced gingivitis: randomized controlled clinical trial. J Oral Res 2018; 7(7):298-304. doi:10.17126/joralres.2018.064 Receipt: 04/19/2018 Revised: 07/29/2018 Acceptance: 09/16/2018 Online: 09/19/2018