International Journal of Recent Trends in Electrical & Electronics Engg., Apr., 2018. ©IJRTE ISSN: 22316612 Volume 6, Issue 2, pg: 53-57 DOI: 10.7323/ijrte.2018.v06i02.003 | 53 Design and Analysis of Slot Loaded Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for Different Frequency Bands Shuchita Saxena, Kshitij Shinghal, Amit Saxena, Deepti Shinghal Department of E&C Engineering, MIT, Moradabad, U.P., India shuchita1210@gmail.com ABSTRACT Antenna whose design has been suggested is composed of a simple dual band antenna having a size of 60mm x 40mm x 1.6mm. The reconfiguration has been achieved by PIN diode. The antenna is fabricated on FR4 substrate. The bandwidth of the antenna is increased for both the bands and also the impedance matching is improved when the diode is in the ON state. The proposed antenna operates at 3.8 GHz and 4.3 GHz bands when the diode is OFF and the two bands exhibit bandwidth of 70 MHz and 100 MHz for the lower and upper band. On activating the diode the resonant frequency shifts to left hand side and the loaded antenna operates at 3.7 GHz and 4.12 GHz bands and the antenna now exhibit bandwidth of 90 MHz and 210 MHz for the two bands. KEYWORDS – Rectangular Patch antenna, reconfigurable antenna, multi band antenna, HFSS. 1. INTRODUCTION Reconfigurable antennas have many benefits as compared to the conventional antennas and have been used in many applications [1-4]. A large number of functions can be achieved from a single antenna. The antenna element itself can be made reconfigurable by modifying the antenna geometry. PIN diodes are commonly used to redirect the flow of the currents in the antenna, therefore modifying the operation. Also the antenna size and the cost of the antenna is reduced for a reconfigurable antenna as only one antenna is made to perform separate task. The dynamic property of the antenna can be achieved with the help of elements, for example RF switches such as PIN diode, MEMS and GaAS FETs.. PIN diode is much simpler to be integrated with the antenna as compared to RF MEMS [5-7]. These switches are made to operate in the ON and OFF mode to make the antenna reconfigurable. There are different methodologies through which we can achieve antenna reconfigurability [8-12]. Reconfigurable antennas can be classified into three main categories based on their ability to change any one of the following parameters: (a) frequency [13] (b) radiation pattern [14] (c) polarization [15, 16]. The performance characteristic of the antenna can be changed by altering the current flow on an antenna using mechanically movable pats, diodes, tunable materials or active materials. This paper uses the frequency reconfiguration technique to control the antenna bandwidth. With the increasing demand of bandwidth, many researchers are doing efforts to make the antennas reconfigurable so that the same antenna can work on more than one frequency band. But the biggest challenge that the researcher faces is how to connect the radiating elements together to make them operate on different frequency bands. To connect these radiating elements different switching circuitry are used. Switching elements also require proper biasing networks for the activation and deactivation of the switch which may increases the complexity of antenna and can also vary the performance of antenna. In this paper PIN diode is used either in the ON or OFF state to change the state of the antenna from a simple patch to frequency reconfigurable antenna. The design of the antenna as well as the simulated results are fully discussed. By controlling the state of the switch, the patch antenna can operate in different frequency bands.