Gender in Engineering: Assessing Women’s Performance in University Education Montserrat Cabré, Josefina Fernández, and Tomás A. Mantecón Introduction From the end of the twentieth century and as a result of the demands of feminism and women’s movements, many national and international bodies and institutions have regularly published reports on the participation of women and men in many aspects of their private and social lives. Through doing this they have contributed hugely to bringing inequalities and differences into view, identifying the many androcentric biases generated by a lack of differentiated data (Criado-Pérez 2019). In order to develop accurate analyses of our social-cultural and academic reality that allow us to think of a fairer and more equal future, it is essential that we incorporate a gender perspective into the way data is produced at all levels, be they of a local, regional or global nature. In the sphere of university education, today there are countless reports available which describe the participation of women and men at different levels of education and areas of specialisation. Particularly important, due to their regular periodic nature and comparative reach, are the reports published every three years by the European Commission since 2003 under the name of She Figures (ETAN Report 2000; She Figures 2003). The macro data provided there offer a very precise mapping by country which shows the most significant elective trends of women and men grouped by disciplines for the 28 members of the European Union. The regularity of its publication allows for the monitoring of general trends, and as such it constitutes a valuable source of information with which to observe the disparate participation of women and men in the different kinds of education, and also the relative differences across the states. M. Cabré (*) · J. Fernández · T. A. Mantecón Cátedra de Igualdad y Estudios de Género, Vicerrectorado de Cultura y Participación Social, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain e-mail: cabrem@unican.es; josefina.fernandez@unican.es; mantecot@unican.es © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 K. Miller, K. Wendt (eds.), The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on Ethics, Sustainable Finance, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57020-0_10 121