International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences 9(3): 595-601, 2021 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/saj.2021.090328
Trend Improving Soccer Professional Referees
Performance in West Java Using Psychological
Skill Training and Physical Fitness
Deni Mudian
1,*
, Moch Asmawi
1
, Taufik Rihatno
1
, Muhsana El Cintami Lanos
2
,
Veny Elisyah
1
, Tri Aji
3
1
Sport Education, Program Pasca Sarjana, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia
2
Sport Education, Universitas PGRI Palembang, Indonesia
3
Sport Education, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Received March 7, 2021; Revised May 6, 2021; Accepted May 23, 2021
Cite This Paper in the following Citation Styles
(a): [1] Deni Mudian, Moch Asmawi, Taufik Rihatno, Muhsana El Cintami Lanos, Veny Elisyah, Tri Aji , "Trend
Improving Soccer Professional Referees Performance in West Java Using Psychological Skill Training and Physical
Fitness," International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 595 - 601, 2021. DOI:
10.13189/saj.2021.090328.
(b): Deni Mudian, Moch Asmawi, Taufik Rihatno, Muhsana El Cintami Lanos, Veny Elisyah, Tri Aji (2021). Trend
Improving Soccer Professional Referees Performance in West Java Using Psychological Skill Training and Physical
Fitness. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(3), 595 - 601. DOI:
10.13189/saj.2021.090328.
Copyright©2021 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract The referee has an important role in football
matches. The referee determines the level of fairness in the
match so they must be mentally and physically fit. The
purpose of this study was to examine the application of
psychological skills training and the level of physical
fitness to the performance of the referee. Psychological
skill exercises used are relaxation, imagery, and
relaxation-imagery combination that exist in conditions of
high and low physical fitness. This research is quantitative
with a quasi-experimental method. The research sample
consisted of 48 people who were taken using purposive
sampling based on the criteria that the referee had a
provincial level referee license (Code C2) and has led a
provincial level competition. Data collection techniques
are through pre-test, post-test and treatment during the
study. The data analysis technique used two-way ANOVA
analysis followed by the Tukey test. The findings showed
that psychological skill training, both relaxation, imagery,
or a combination of imagery-relaxation and physical
fitness, had a positive effect on the performance of the
referee in leading the match. These results have
implications for the concept of psychological training for
football referees in West Java, especially during the
Covid-19 pandemic, who had limited access to training in
the field. However, this psychological skill training makes
it easier to train the referee mentally.
Keywords Football, Psychological Skills, Physical
Fitness, Referee, Training
1. Introduction
The referee has the authority to regulate the match. In
addition, the referee can also make decisions about the
actions of players who commit violations. Every decision
by the referee has implications for the outcome of the
match.[1][2] Also, the actions of the referees on the pitch
such as making decisions show their performance.[3] It
means that every action of the referee in making decisions
about the course of the match leads to professional
performance. Often, the decision-making process is also
based on rules or game management. So, the referee uses
subjective limits also in match management.[4] The
referee on the field also usually determines the