International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 08 Issue: 06 | June 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1022 Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization for Sinkhole Detection in WSN Madhu Nagaraj 1 , Rampur Srinath 2 1 PG Student, Dept. of Information Science and Engineering, NIE, Mysore, India 2 Associate Professor, Dept. of Information Science and Engineering, NIE, Mysore, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - In a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), grouping is among the most important tasks, in which one of the hubs from a group of hubs is chosen to be the group head, as well as the group head is liable for both standard activities and the administration of other hubs within the group. Malicious hub finding is also essential in the wireless sensor network (WSN), with the purpose of preventing the malicious hub from becoming the group head. Furthermore, as the malicious hubs grow, so does the likelihood of becoming a malicious hub as a bunch head increases. A Hybrid Ant Colony based pernicious hub location and bunch head choosing approach is presented to identify harmful hub as well as to choose a relatively high hub for the center point. The suggested calculation identifies sinkhole detection for malicious hubs, after which a high- potential hub is chosen as the bunch head. This approach also reduces bunch covering with group head geographical distribution, much as removing spiteful hubs expressly does not allow malevolent hubs to become bunch heads, resulting in an overall increase in energy effectiveness. Key Words: Hybrid Ant Colony, clustering, fuzzy, WSN 1. INTRODUCTION A wireless sensor network (WSN) is made up of a collection of sensor hubs that work together in a group to complete a specific task (for example, environmental variables management, target follow-up, and so on) and then send the gathered data to a base station or controller via a distant medium. WSN is defined as a collection of cooperating hubs with detecting, reasoning, and remote correspondence capacities. The sensor hubs combine and transfer data to the detached base station, from which the end client can obtain the required information [8]. The sensed data is also collected 'inside the company' at sink hubs, which may be sensors or different hubs fortunate to be in potential merely as assets. The information is then periodically and on- request delivered to the end customers via the sinks or a higher request hub the base station [9]. Wireless sensor networks are used for a variety of purposes, including common, medical, and environmental services, as well as military applications. Target tracking in combat, territorial administration, common work monitoring, environmental issues oversight, and plant maintenance are only a few examples of many types of applications. Due to the functioning of a large number of sensor hubs in inclement weather, certain nefarious hubs may infiltrate the organization, causing routine operations to be hampered. And reduced energy proficiency [13] can also have an impact on group preparation. 2. SINKHOLE ATTACK WSNs are vulnerable to a variety of risks, including sinkhole attacks, which have been regarded as one of the most significant. A rogue node advertises itself as the best possible path to the base station in this form of attack, deceiving its neighbors into using the route more frequently. As a result, the malicious node has the ability to tamper with data, disrupt normal operations, and even pose a number of other threats to the network's security. Sinkhole assaults can be carried out by one of two sorts of attackers: malicious insider and resourceful outsiders. In the first scenario, an adversary uses a compromised node to start a deception attack by promoting a route to neighbors. In the latter situation, a laptop-class adversary with high- performance computing and communication skills establishes a single-hop route from its surrounding region to the base-station, persuading the neighbors to send all traffic through it. Furthermore, the high-quality route draws not only the sinkhole's neighbors, but practically all nodes that are closer to the sinkhole than the base-station (perhaps from several hops away), amplifying the hazard. A sinkhole attack is depicted in Figure 1(a). Wormhole attack can also be used to create a sinkhole. In this form of attack, a malicious node steals a routing packet from one of its neighbors and sends it to another colluding node over a secret tunnel. The message is eventually delivered to the base station by the colluding node. Despite the fact that the tunnel's two ends are separated by a greater distance than other routes, it can prevent the source from identifying other lawful routes that are more than two hops away from the destination, disrupting network functionality. An example of such an attack is shown in Figure 1(b).