Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2(1): 1-5, 2014 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/ujme.2014.020101
Rating of Planar Kinematic Chains Using Design
Parameters
Ashok Dargar
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Sir Padampat Singhania University, NH-76, Udaipur- 313601, India
*Corresponding author: dargarashok@rediffmail.com
Copyright © 2014 Horizon Research Publishing All rights reserved.
Abstract A comparative analysis of kinematic chains
and their mechanisms at the conceptual stage of design is
essential for the designers. There are large number of
distinct chains available in each category, i.e., with
specified number of links and degree of freedom. Chains
with distinct structures can be expected to posses different
characteristics which are not quite obvious. The designer
must have some idea about the expected behaviour of the
chain at least in comparative sense, so that he can pick up
the best chain in order to obtain best performance. To
accomplish this, the designer should be able to read the
characteristics of the chain based on their topology. Using
this belief, in the present work an attempt is made and a
method is proposed to compare the chains from the
effective utilization of link design parameters, quality of
motion and function generation point of view. It provides a
simple quantitative estimate to compare all the eligible
chains. The concepts developed are applied to planar in-
parallel robots, which are gaining in importance.
Keywords Kinematic Chain (KC), Chain Link Value,
Chain Joint Value, Chain Flow Value
1. Introduction
Kinematic chain is a combination of links connected by
different kinematic pairs and can be divided into two
categories i.e. serial and parallel. Although serial chains have
limited choice but in parallel, there are distinct chains are
available, such as 16 in eight links single degree of freedom,
40 in nine links 2 degree of freedom, 98 in 10 links 3 degree
of freedom and more than 6000 single DOF with twelve links
[1, 2]. Therefore complexity of kinematic chains increases
with the number of the links of the chains with the same
number and type of links. There are no guidelines to select
the best possible chain for the specified task such as function
generation, path generation or robot manipulator application,
despite the availability of many chains with distinct structure.
Until now, most of the work is directed to study isomorphism
among chains and to know the type of freedom [3-7], work
relating to this aspect is hardly seen in the literature. Some
work reported earlier [8-10] deals with the dimensional
aspects and not with the structural influence. Rao and Rao
[11, 12] proposed link-loop Hamming values for rating of the
kinematic chains. Rao [13] presented a pseudo genetic
algorithm for evaluation of kinematic chains. Rao [14] using
the concept of fuzzy logic proposed a numerical measure to
compare the chain characteristics like symmetry, parallelism
and mobility. Srinath and Rao [15] proposed the concept of
correlation to evaluate the performance of the chains.
Exact static and dynamic behavior of linkages in an
absolute sense cannot be predicted unless the link shapes,
dimensions, masses and their distribution etc., are known
[16]. However, it should be possible to compare different
chains with same number of links and joints for their
expected behavior on the basis of their structure, without
having to perform the actual static and dynamic analysis.
Structure of a chain depends upon the link assortment, i.e.,
type of link, their number, and their adjacency. Each link is
associated with certain number of design parameters. Design
parameters are the link lengths, angles etc. which are
necessary to form a link. For example a binary link has one
design parameter a ternary link has three parameters, a
quaternary link has five parameters and a quinternary link
has seven design parameters. Performance of a chain
depends upon effective use of its design parameters.
Selection of the input link or link to be connected to the
actuator is important from the point of view of transmission
and resolution. In the chain that consist of the same type and
number of links the type of joints control the quality of
motion generation. So keeping all these aspects of kinematic
chains a selection (index) criterion is proposed for kinematic
chains from the structural error point of view which provide
a simple quantitative estimate to compare all the eligible
chains.
2. Definitions of Terminology
The following definitions are to be understood clearly