Experience in standardization of programming languages
for mini- and microcomputers
1
Sergei Prokhorov
Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology
of Russian Academy of Sciences
Moscow, Russia
sergei.prokhorov@gmail.com
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1874-8602
Abstract. The article describes the experience of
the scientific and technical commission for the
unification of programming languages for mini- and
microcomputers, created under the USSR State
Committee for Science and Technology. The
appearance in the early 1980s of little compatible
models of computers initiated the task of revising the
software used to ensure the portability of programs
when switching to new types of computers. It was vitally
important for programming control computers and
simulators that simulate control for technological
processes. The limitation of the task to the classes of
mini- and microcomputers only was explained by the
fact these classes computers were used mainly in
simulators and control systems. The side results of the
commission's activities were more significant than the
formal results.
Keywords: standardization, computer standard,
system programming, programming languages,
software, minicomputers, microcomputers, GOST
In the second half of the 1970s, most of the series of
Soviet computers were discontinued. Among them were
the popular series Dnepr, Mir, Nairi, Razdan, Ural [1].
The production of the Minsk computer series was
discontinued, including the Minsk-32 computer, which
was the main machine for regional computing centers and
was designed to solve a wide range of scientific,
technical, planning, economic and statistical tasks
requiring large amounts of operational and external
memory [2].
They were gradually replaced by machines - clones
of foreign models IBM 360, Hewlett Packard HP-2000,
DEC PDP-11, Intel 8080. Many different types of
incompatible computers made it difficult to port
programs when switching from one type of machine to
another. Even for programs written in widely used
languages, there was no guarantee that problems would
not arise when switching to other types of computers.
Additional complications were caused by the wide
variety of dialects for the main programming languages.
Translators for each type of computer contained
additional features, extensions of the standard language,
allowing you to write more efficient programs on a
specific type of machine. But they were often absent on
other types of computers.
The presence of different dialects of the language
could lead to hidden errors if the translators interpreted
the source texts differently. As a result, machine codes
might not match the original intent of the programmer.
This was especially important when programming control
machines and simulators that simulate control for
technological processes. This problem attracted the
attention of the simulators and control systems
developers, who turned to the USSR State Committee for
Science and Technology (SCST) with an initiative to
unify the software for minicomputers and
microcomputers to ensure software portability when
switching to new types of machines. The limitation of the
task of unification only by the classes of mini- and
microcomputers was explained by the fact that it was the
machines of these classes that were used in simulators
and as control systems.
On October 4, 1980, the State Committee for
Science and Technology issued a decree "On the
organization of the Temporary Scientific and Technical
Commission for the development of proposals for the
1 Sergei Prokhorov. Experience in standardization of programming languages for mini-and microcomputers. 2021 International
Conference Engineering Technologies and Computer Science (EnT), IEEE, 2021, pp. 6-9. DOI 10.1109/EnT52731.2021.00008.
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