1 The Effect of Fluoride on the Structure, Function, and Proteome of Intestinal Epithelia Flávia Amadeu de Oliveira, 1,2 Lesley J MacVinish, 1 Simran Amin, 1 Duleni Herath, 1 Pia Jeggle, 1 Ioanna Mela, 1 Maria Pieri, 1 Chetanya Sharma, 1 Gavin E Jarvis, 3 Flávia M Levy, 2 Mariana R Santesso, 2 Zohaib N Khan, 2 Aline L Leite, 2 Rodrigo C Oliveira, 2 Marília AR Buzalaf, 2 J Michael Edwardson 1 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil 3 Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Correspondence to: J. Michael Edwardson, Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK; e-mail, jme1000@cam.ac.uk , or Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf, Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru-SP, Brazil 17012-901; e-mail: mbuzalaf@fob.usp.br Abbreviations: AFM, atomic force microscopy; CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; ENaC, epithelial Na + channel; HEPES, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1- piperazineethanesulfonic acid; IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine; I sc , short-circuit current; NKCC, Na-K-Cl co-transporter; R t , transepithelial resistance; SEM, standard error of the mean.