Through the Eyes of Memphis Media:
Shifting Perceptions of Organized Labor
in Boss Crump’s Memphis
Troy A. Hallsell
By the 1930s Edward Hull Crump secured political control
over Memphis and Shelby County. He was the son of a
Confederate army officer and planter who died during the
yellow fever epidemic of 1878.
1
As such, Crump grew up within
the remnants of the planter class and brought the plantation
mentality with him to Memphis. He opposed “radical” ideas
such as a closed shop and collective bargaining. He also
staunchly opposed the unionization of municipal employees
since this directly affected his patronage and political
organization. In 1929 the Chamber of Commerce declared
Memphis a non-labor town and northern businesses were drawn
to the Bluff City because of its inexpensive utilities, low tax
rates, and cheap labor. However, after Congress passed the
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and the National
Labor Review Act (NLRA), the Memphis business community
was in an uproar.
2
The Commercial Appeal sided with business
which believed these acts were “a prelude to anarchy” and
suggested they would inspire organized labor to engage in more
strikes.
3
The 1930s was an unprecedented time for organized
labor in Memphis. Following the passage of the NIRA and the
NLRA, labor organization began on a large scale. The Appeal
and the Press Scimitar, Memphis’s largest newspapers, covered
these events extensively. Each newspaper presented the news in a
manner that spoke to their readerships.
© West Tennessee Historical Society Papers, vol. LXXIV (2020)
WTHSP 2020 6/25/21 11:34 AM Page 24