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Socio- demographic Profile and Compliance to Weekly Iron Folic Acid
Supplementation among Adolescent Girls in Central Delhi
Anuradha Chauhan
*
, Jitendra Kumar Meena
*
, Mongjam Megha Chandra Singh
*
,
Jugal Kishore
*
, Gopal Krishna Ingle
*
Abstract
Adolescence is a vulnerable period in the human life cycle for the development of
nutritional anemia, particularly among girls. A cross-sectional survey was
conducted in an Urban Health Center, in New Delhi with the objectives
to find out the prevalence and associated socio-demographic factors of iron
deficiency anemia along with the study of compliance to weekly iron folic acid
supplementation (WIFS). A total of 60 adolescent females (10–19 years old) were
included in this study. The study was undertaken from Nov 2013 – Dec 2013 (2
months) using a pre-tested questionnaire containing items to assess the socio-
demographic profile, their medical history and past history. After taking their
assent, hemoglobin (Hb) was estimated using HemoCue method. The prevalence
of anemia was found to be 71.1%. A significant association of presence of anemia
was found with lower socio-economic status and non-intake of WIFS. Mean
height and weight of subjects with anemia was significantly less in anemic girls
than participants without anemia. Significant association of anemia was found
with non-consumption of Iron Folic Acid (IFA) tablets (χ2 value – 5.3, p value
0.02). A high prevalence of anemia among adolescent females was found, which
was higher in the lower socio-economic strata and those not consuming WIFS.
Thus there is a need to strengthen the programme for the prevention of anemia
among adolescent girls through nutrition education and anemia prophylaxis.
Keywords: Adolescent, anemia, prophylaxis, iron, supplementation.
Introduction
Adolescence has been defined by the World Health
Organization (WHO) as the period of life spanning
the ages between 10 to 19 years.
1
This is the prime
period of life when maximum amount of physical,
mental and psychological, and behavioral changes
ensue in the human body and this makes them
vulnerable to iron deficiency.
2, 3
Girls are more
likely to be vulnerable in this period of human life
cycle for the development of nutritional anemia,
which has been constantly neglected by public
health programs. According to Planning
Commission report, Government of India (GoI), the
prevalence of anemia in women in India is 56.1%.
2
In a family with limited resources, the female child
is more likely to be neglected.
4
She is deprived of
good food and education, and is utilized as an extra
working hand to carry out the household chores. The
added burden of menstrual blood loss, normal or
abnormal, precipitates the crises too often.
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is classified as Mild-
Hemoglobin of 11.0-11.9 gm/dl, Moderate-
Hemoglobin 8.0-10.9 gm/dl and Severe-
Hemoglobin of <8.0 gm/dl in a non pregnant
women. IDA leads to cognitive impairment delayed
psychomotor development, impaired performance
on language skills, motor skills and co- ordination
that is equivalent to a 5-10 point deficit in IQ.
5
In the
developing world, the prevalence of iron deficiency
is high, and this is mainly due to a low intake of bio-
available iron.
6
Diets that have a high content of
phytate and other modifiers of mineral absorption
are associated with an increased risk of iron
deficiency anemia.
7
Moreover, the inappropriate
dietary habits and low intake of healthy food among
adolescents aggravate the condition.
Further, anemia in adolescent girls is also associated
with factors reflecting poor socioeconomic status
*
Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
Correspondence to: Dr. Anuradha Chauhan, Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi,
India. E- mail: chauhandranuradha@gmail.com