185 Copyright © 2021, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Chapter 11 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7513-0.ch011 ABSTRACT This chapter aims to critically analyze the implications that the national protectionist policies have on the global supply and value chains and the relocation of production. The analysis is based on the as- sumptions that the global economy is facing the possibility of decoupling of many trade connections, and this trend favors deglobalization processes that have long been promoted by populism, nationalism, and economic protectionism. It is concluded that global supply, production, and value chains, although being economically efcient, are no longer any more secure under national protectionist policies, and therefore, the relocation of production processes is mainly due to the increase in the level of income and wages of the developing countries that are the destinations, which reduce the advantages of relocating. INTRODUCTION This analysis shows expansive periods of free trade alternate with other periods in which protection- ist measures and the relocation of production are part of a process that is called deglobalization and is characterized by a reduction in export growth that is compensated with increased consumption of the domestic market to defend national interests. Some developed economies have trade imbalances with negative effects on less developed countries. Critical Analysis of the Relocation Strategy of Production Between National Protectionist Policies, Global Supply, and Value Chains José G. Vargas-Hernández https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0938-4197 University Center for Economic and Managerial Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Mexico